Digital Twin (DT) technology monitors, simulates, optimizes, models, and predicts the behavior of physical entities. Healthcare is a significant domain where a DT can be functional for multiple purposes. However, these diverse uses of DTs need a clear understanding of both general and specific aspects that can affect their adoption and integration. This paper is a meta-review that leads to the development of a conceptual framework designed to support the high-level evaluation of DTs in healthcare. Using the PRISMA methodology, the meta-review synthesizes insights from 20 selected reviews out of 1,075 studies. Based on this comprehensive analysis, we extract the functional, technological, and operational aspects that characterize DTs in healthcare. Additionally, we examine the structural (e.g., hierarchical) relationships among these aspects to address the various complexity scales in digital health. The resulting framework can promote the effective design and implementation of DTs, offering a structured approach for their assessment.

数字孪生 (DT) 技术监控、模拟、优化、建模和预测物理实体的行为。医疗保健是一个重要领域，DT 可以用于多种用途。然而，DT 的这些不同用途需要清楚地了解可能影响其采用和集成的一般和具体方面。本文是一项元综述，旨在开发一个概念框架，旨在支持医疗保健中 DT 的高水平评估。使用 PRISMA 方法，元审查综合了从 1,075 项研究中选出的 20 项审查的见解。基于这种全面的分析，我们提取了医疗保健中 DT 的功能、技术和操作方面的特征。此外，我们检查这些方面之间的结构（例如，层次）关系，以解决数字健康中的各种复杂程度。由此产生的框架可以促进DT的有效设计和实施，为其评估提供结构化方法。