Despite the excellent performance of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs), their poor stability under moisture and heating conditions limits their commercial application. To address this issue, a new pyreneammonium iodide (named TAPPyI), in which the pyrene-based compound 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(1,8-dihydropyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetraaniline (named TAPPy) acts as the 2D cation, is introduced into 3D perovskite precursor solution for forming a 2D/3D heterostructured perovskite, which improves the quality of the perovskite film and enhances the stability of the perovskite film against moisture and heating. The planar pyrene endows TAPPyI with good charge transport properties, while the iodide on the arylamine side group effectively passivates the perovskite defects, thereby suppressing non-radiative recombination losses. Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the TAPPyI-modified PSC is increased from 20.51% in the reference PSC to 22.73%. Furthermore, the stability of the TAPPyI-modified PSC is greatly improved, retaining 86% of the initial PCE after 360 hours in an environment of 85 °C and 85% humidity (ISOS-D-3), whereas the reference PSC only retains 2%. This work demonstrates that the conjugated planar molecule as a 2D cation to construct a 2D/3D heterostructured perovskite, which combines the good stability of 2D perovskite with the excellent carrier transport properties of 3D perovskite, can greatly enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs.

中文翻译：

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掺入二维芘碘化铵可提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率和稳定性


尽管三维（3D）钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）具有优异的性能，但其在潮湿和加热条件下稳定性差限制了其商业应用。为了解决这个问题，一种新的碘化芘铵（名为TAPPyI），其中基于芘的化合物4,4',4'',4'''-(1,8-二氢芘-1,3,6,8-四基）四苯胺（命名为TAPPy）作为2D阳离子，被引入到3D钙钛矿前驱体溶液中形成2D/3D异质结构钙钛矿，提高了钙钛矿薄膜的质量并增强了钙钛矿薄膜对湿气和加热的稳定性。平面芘赋予TAPPyI良好的电荷传输性能，而芳胺侧基上的碘化物有效钝化钙钛矿缺陷，从而抑制非辐射复合损失。最后，TAPPyI 修饰的 PSC 的功率转换效率（PCE）从参考 PSC 的 20.51% 提高到 22.73%。此外，TAPPyI修饰的PSC的稳定性大大提高，在85℃和85％湿度的环境中360小时后保留了86％的初始PCE（ISOS-D-3），而参考PSC仅保留了2 %。这项工作表明，共轭平面分子作为2D阳离子构建2D/3D异质结构钙钛矿，结合了2D钙钛矿良好的稳定性和3D钙钛矿优异的载流子传输特性，可以大大提高PSC的效率和稳定性。