The Influence of Playing Position on Physical, Physiological, and Technical Demands in Adult Male Soccer Matches: A Systematic Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map,Sports Medicine

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The Influence of Playing Position on Physical, Physiological, and Technical Demands in Adult Male Soccer Matches: A Systematic Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map
Sports Medicine ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02088-z
Hugo Sarmento ₁ , Diogo V Martinho _{1,

2} , Élvio R Gouveia _{2,

3,

4} , José Afonso ₅ , Paweł Chmura ₆ , Adam Field ₇ , Nestor Ordoñez Savedra ₈ , Rafael Oliveira _{9,

10} , Gibson Praça ₁₁ , Rui Silva _{12,

13} , Joel Barrera-Díaz ₁ , Filipe Manuel Clemente _{12,

13,

14}

Affiliation

University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal.
LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal.
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Team Games, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Research Group in Sports Science and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sports Science Program, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia.
Santarém Polytechnic University, School of Sport, Rio Maior, Portugal.
Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Santarém Polytechnic University, Rio Maior, Portugal.
Sports Department/UFMG Soccer Science Center/CECA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland.

Background

There has been an increase in studies examining the demands of soccer relative to each playing position in recent years. Understanding the physical, physiological, and technical demands on soccer players according to their positional role during competitive matches is necessary to understand match requirements and develop position-specific training practices. Thereby, there is a clear need to synthesize the information on the different profiles of each playing position.

Objective

This review aimed to organize the literature investigating physical, physiological, and technical demands according to playing positions and provide a framework to identify gaps and suggestions for future studies.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in October 2023 using four electronic databases: Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed and Scopus. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were included if the sample comprised adult male soccer players categorized from Tier 3 to Tier 5 (i.e., highly trained/national level, elite/international level, or world class) and compared the physical, physiological, or technical parameters across playing positions.

Results

A total of 178 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The number of teams, players, and matches analyzed per study varied considerably. Although a range of classifications were reported across studies, 59% of studies classified players as central defenders, full-backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and forwards. The findings suggests that central and external midfielders, and external defenders cover greater total and high-speed distance than forwards or central defenders. Sprint distance was higher in external midfielders versus all other positions. Defenders and central midfielders perform more passes than external midfielders and forwards. Heart rate was the most commonly reported physiological variable across playing positions. When expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate, midfielders presented higher mean values than all other playing positions.

Conclusion

This scoping review demonstrates that there are differences in the demands on players across playing positions in soccer. Training practices in soccer should be based on the specific requirements of each positional role to ensure players can fulfill their tactical responsibilities during the game.

中文翻译：

成年男子足球比赛中比赛位置对身体、生理和技术需求的影响：带有证据差距图的系统范围界定审查

背景

近年来，研究足球相对于每个比赛位置的需求的研究有所增加。根据足球运动员在竞技比赛中的位置角色了解他们的身体、生理和技术要求，对于了解比赛要求和制定特定位置的训练实践是必要的。因此，显然需要综合每个演奏位置的不同配置文件的信息。

目的

本综述旨在根据比赛位置组织调查身体、生理和技术需求的文献，并提供一个框架来识别差距并为未来的研究提供建议。

方法

2023 年 10 月使用四个电子数据库进行了系统检索：Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、PubMed 和 Scopus。本综述遵循 PRISMA 2020 指南和 PRISMA-ScR 扩展的审查范围界定。如果样本包括从 3 级到 5 级（即训练有素/国家级、精英/国际级或世界级）分类的成年男性足球运动员，并比较不同比赛位置的身体、生理或技术参数，则纳入研究。

结果

共有 178 项研究符合纳入标准并被纳入本综述。每项研究分析的球队、球员和比赛的数量差异很大。尽管研究中报告了一系列分类，但 59% 的研究将球员分为中后卫、边后卫、中场、边路中场和前锋。研究结果表明，中场和外侧中场以及外后卫比前锋或中后卫覆盖更大的总距离和高速距离。与所有其他位置相比，外中场的冲刺距离更高。后卫和中场球员的传球次数比外线中场和前锋多。心率是各比赛姿势中最常报告的生理变量。当以最大心率的百分比表示时，中场球员的平均值高于所有其他比赛位置。