Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) security is a serious concern due to the lack of hardware protection on sensor nodes. One common attack on WSNs is the cloning attack, where an adversary captures legitimate nodes, creates multiple replicas, and reprograms them for malicious activities. Therefore, creating an efficient defense to mitigate this challenge is essential. Several witness node-based techniques have been developed to solve this issue, but they often suffer from higher communication and memory overheads or low detection accuracy, making them less effective. In response to the limitations of existing techniques, we propose a novel approach called Hybrid Random Walk assisted Zone-based (HRWZ) for clone node detection in static WSNs. The HRWZ method relies on the random selection of Zone-Leader (ZL) in WSNs to detect clones effectively while maintaining network lifespan. We compared HRWZ to known witness node-based techniques, namely Randomized Multicast (RM), Line Selected Multicast (LSM), Random Walk (RAWL) and Table-assisted RAndom WaLk (TRAWL), under different simulation settings. The simulation results confirmed the improved performance and reliability of the proposed HRWZ technique. Our approach reduces communication costs and provides an effective way of selecting ZL for high-probability clone node detection.

中文翻译：

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静态无线传感器网络中的克隆节点检测：一种混合方法


由于传感器节点上缺乏硬件保护，无线传感器网络 （WSN） 的安全性是一个严重的问题。对 WSN 的一种常见攻击是克隆攻击，攻击者捕获合法节点，创建多个副本，然后对它们进行重新编程以进行恶意活动。因此，建立有效的防御措施来缓解这一挑战至关重要。已经开发了几种基于见证节点的技术来解决此问题，但它们通常存在较高的通信和内存开销或较低的检测准确性，因此效率较低。为了应对现有技术的局限性，我们提出了一种称为基于混合随机游走辅助区域 （HRWZ） 的新方法，用于静态 WSN 中的克隆节点检测。HRWZ 方法依赖于 WSN 中区域领导者 （ZL） 的随机选择，以有效检测克隆，同时保持网络寿命。我们将 HRWZ 与已知的基于见证节点的技术进行了比较，即随机多播 （RM）、线选择多播 （LSM）、随机游走 （RAWL） 和表辅助 RAndom WaLk （TRAWL），在不同模拟设置下。仿真结果证实了所提出的 HRWZ 技术的性能和可靠性的提高。我们的方法降低了通信成本，并提供了一种选择 ZL 进行高概率克隆节点检测的有效方法。