1.In the context of global urbanisation, urban green spaces (UGS) serve as the primary means of direct contact with nature for many people. The design and management of urban parks should aim to maximise their ecological functions and services, while considering the well-being and connection with nature of urban residents. Despite extensive research into the factors that influence urban dwellers’ appreciation of UGS, our understanding of the individual characteristics that shape preferences for different types of urban green spaces remains limited.2.An important characteristic of UGS is the extent to which their vegetation appears or not ‘formal’, i.e. particularly geometrically designed with a high presence of symmetry, with clear straight or circular lines. The degree to which urban dwellers prefer more formal green spaces may be related to their need for structure (NFS), a psychological trait that refers to an individual’s preference for order, predictability, and clarity in their environment and activities. To investigate the relationship between NFS and the preferences for the degree of ‘formalism’ of UGS, we conducted a survey with a large sample (N = 1,592) of the French general population. Participants were presented with a photo-questionnaire of real public park settings that varied in their degree of formalism, i.e. from highly structured, symmetrical layouts with geometrically cut vegetation to more irregular layouts. They were asked questions assessing their NFS, their connection with nature (CWN), an individual characteristic known to be associated with a preference for more informal environments, as well as the reasons for preferring more formal or more informal parks.3.Our multivariate analysis showed that NFS negatively predicted a preference for more informal urban parks, while we confirmed that CWN was a strong positive predictor of this preference. Textual analysis showed that both individuals high and low in NFS who preferred more formal UGS described their preference in relation with ‘order’ and ‘organization’, but high-NFS respondents mentioned human care (e.g. cleanness, tidiness) and geometrical order (geometry, form, structure) more frequently than other respondents.4.Individuals with a higher NFS tend to value more geometrically ordered urban parks, while those with a higher connection with nature tend to prefer more informal urban parks. To reconcile these conflicting preferences, parks could more often be designed with distinct areas of varying degrees of formalism. Alternatively, parks with a moderate level of formalism, well-defined structure, and lush vegetation could serve as a favorable compromise that meets the diverse preferences of residents and allows a variety of urban dwellers to experience nature and the associated health and well-being benefits.

中文翻译：

---

城市公园中对更非正式植被的偏好：法国人口对结构需求的阻碍作用


1.In 全球城市化的背景下，城市绿地 （UGS） 是许多人与大自然直接接触的主要方式。城市公园的设计和管理应以最大限度地发挥其生态功能和服务为目标，同时考虑城市居民的福祉和与自然的联系。尽管对影响城市居民对城市绿地欣赏的因素进行了广泛的研究，但我们对塑造不同类型城市绿地偏好的个体特征的理解仍然有限。2.UGS 的一个重要特征是其植被出现或不“正式”的程度，即特别的几何设计具有高度的对称性， 带有清晰的直线或圆线。城市居民喜欢更正式的绿色空间的程度可能与他们对结构的需求 （NFS） 有关，NFS 是一种心理特征，指的是个人对环境和活动的秩序、可预测性和清晰度的偏好。为了调查 NFS 与对 UGS 的“形式主义”程度的偏好之间的关系，我们对法国普通人群的大样本 （N = 1,592） 进行了一项调查。参与者收到了一份真实公园环境的照片问卷，这些场景的形式主义程度各不相同，即从高度结构化、对称的布局和几何切割的植被到更不规则的布局。他们被问及评估他们的 NFS、他们与自然的联系 （CWN）、已知与偏好更非正式环境相关的个人特征，以及更喜欢更正式或更非正式的公园的原因。我们的多变量分析表明，NFS 负向预测了对更多非正式城市公园的偏好，而我们证实 CWN 是这种偏好的强正预测因子。文本分析表明，在 NFS 中偏好更正式的 UGS 的高低个体都描述了他们对“秩序”和“组织”的偏好，但 NFS 高的受访者比其他受访者更频繁地提到人类关怀（例如干净、整洁）和几何顺序（几何、形式、结构）4.NFS 较高的个体往往更重视几何顺序更有序的城市公园， 而那些与自然联系更紧密的人往往更喜欢更非正式的城市公园。为了调和这些相互冲突的偏好，公园可以更经常地设计成不同程度的形式主义的不同区域。或者，具有适度形式主义、明确结构和茂密植被的公园可以作为一种有利的折衷方案，满足居民的不同偏好，并允许各种城市居民体验大自然以及相关的健康和福祉。