Recently, great efforts have been made to advance the pilot-scale and engineering-scale applications of Fenton-like processes using various nano-metal catalysts (including nanosized metal-based catalysts, smaller nanocluster catalysts, and single-atom catalysts, etc.). This step is essential to facilitate the practical applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for these highly active nano-metal catalysts. Before large-scale implementation, these nano-metal catalysts must be converted into the effective catalyst modules (such as catalytic membranes, fluidized beds, or polypropylene sphere suspension systems), as it is not feasible to use suspended powder catalysts for large-scale treatment. Therefore, the pilot-scale and engineering applications of nano-metal catalysts in Fenton-like systems in recent years is exciting. In addition, the combination of life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) can provide a useful support tool for engineering scale Fenton-like applications. This paper summarizes the designs and fabrications of various advanced modules based on nano-metal catalysts, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these catalytic modules, and further discusses their Fenton-like pilot scale or engineering applications. Concepts of future Fenton-like engineering applications of nano-metal catalysts were also discussed. In addition, current challenges and future expectations in pilot-scale or engineering applications are assessed in conjunction with LCA and TEA. These challenges require further technological advances to enable larger scale engineering applications in the future. The aim of these efforts is to increase the potential of nanoscale AOPs for practical wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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使用纳米金属催化剂的中试规模和大规模 Fenton 类应用：从催化模块到放大应用


最近，人们付出了巨大的努力来推进使用各种纳米金属催化剂（包括纳米金属基催化剂、更小的纳米团簇催化剂和单原子催化剂等）的 Fenton 类工艺的中试规模和工程规模应用。这一步对于促进高级氧化工艺 （AOP） 在这些高活性纳米金属催化剂中的实际应用至关重要。在大规模实施之前，这些纳米金属催化剂必须转化为有效的催化剂模块（如催化膜、流化床或聚丙烯球悬浮系统），因为使用悬浮粉末催化剂进行大规模处理是不可行的。因此，近年来纳米金属催化剂在类 Fenton 体系中的中试和工程应用令人兴奋。此外，生命周期评估 （LCA） 和技术经济分析 （TEA） 的结合可以为工程规模的 Fenton 类应用提供有用的支持工具。本文总结了各种基于纳米金属催化剂的先进模块的设计和制造，分析了这些催化模块的优缺点，并进一步讨论了它们类似 Fenton 的中试规模或工程应用。还讨论了纳米金属催化剂未来类 Fenton 工程应用的概念。此外，与 LCA 和 TEA 一起评估中试规模或工程应用中的当前挑战和未来期望。这些挑战需要进一步的技术进步，以便在未来实现更大规模的工程应用。这些努力的目的是增加纳米级 AOP 在实际废水处理中的潜力。