While traditionally perceived as yield‐reducing elements in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, weed communities in paddy fields play a crucial role in the ecosystem. These communities, when selectively retained, can significantly enhance ecosystem services. This review examines the impact of various weed communities on rice in different paddy fields, their response to field nutrients, and the ecological benefits they offer. These benefits include nitrogen retention, promotion of microbial diversity, and reduction of diseases, pests, and weed proliferation. Examples of such benefits are seen in weeds like Lemna minor L. and Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai, which help in nitrogen fixation and act as biocontrol agents against harmful pests. However, current research in this area faces challenges, including the lack of intelligent and precise weed control technologies, comprehensive green control strategies, and expertise in weed management. Our findings suggest a strategic approach to weed control in paddy fields, emphasizing the importance of preserving weed species that have minimal impact on rice yields but offer significant ecological advantages. These practices can lead to grass‐mediated weed control and enhanced nutrient absorption, thereby reducing fertilizer loss. Ultimately, this approach could reduce the reliance on chemical fertilizers and herbicides in paddy fields, laying the groundwork for greener rice cultivation and sustainable agricultural practices.

中文翻译：

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稻田杂草群落对田间养分的响应及其生态效益：综述


虽然传统上被认为是水稻（Oryza sativa L.）种植中的减产因素，但稻田中的杂草群落在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些群落如果有选择地保留，可以显着增强生态系统服务。本综述研究了不同稻田中各种杂草群落对水稻的影响、它们对田间养分的反应以及它们提供的生态效益。这些好处包括氮保留、促进微生物多样性以及减少疾病、害虫和杂草繁殖。这种益处的例子可以在青萍和满江红等杂草中看到，它们有助于固氮，并可作为有害害虫的生物防治剂。然而，目前该领域的研究面临挑战，包括缺乏智能精准的杂草控制技术、全面的绿色控制策略和杂草管理专业知识。我们的研究结果提出了稻田杂草控制的战略方法，强调了保护对水稻产量影响最小但具有显着生态优势的杂草物种的重要性。这些做法可以实现以草为媒介的杂草控制并增强养分吸收，从而减少肥料损失。最终，这种方法可以减少稻田对化肥和除草剂的依赖，为绿色水稻种植和可持续农业实践奠定基础。