Recent body armour trends emphasize mobility, flexibility, and cost reduction while maintaining ballistic effectiveness through the use of natural fiber composite. This study evaluates the ballistic impact performance of soft and hard armor using experimental, analytical, numerical, and machine learning methods. We developed a soft armor bio-composite using monolithic, hybrid, and helicoidal structured Hemp (H)/Basalt (B)/Polyurethane (PU) rubber and tested its V ballistic limit according to Millitary-Standred-662 F. For hard armour, a multi-layer armor system (MAS) consisting of AlO/SiC ceramic, intermediate soft armour bio-composites, and an Aluminum (Al)-5052 plate backing was tested with armour-piercing bullets as per National Institute of Justice (NIJ)-0101.06 standards (Level IV). Soft armor performance was evaluated using macro-homogeneous finite element (FE), the Ipson-Retch analytical, and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) regression model. Results showed minimal discrepancies from experimental data, with differences of 13.33 %, 12.08 %, and 8.08 % in V ballistic limit. The mechanical and thermal behaviors of bio-composites were assessed using un-notched Charpy, FTIR, and TGA methods. Helicoidal laminates improved Charpy toughness by 9.44 %, 19.30 %, and 40.28 % compared to hybrid and monolithic ([H] and [H]) laminates, and exhibited lower weight reduction at high degradation temperature of 395.76 . Helicoidal laminates increased V ballistic performance by 155.80 %, 76.22 %, and 16.61 % compared to [H], [H], and hybrid laminates, respectively. Due to spiral load distribution reduces stress concentration and enhanced the damage resistance of the laminate. Stand-alone soft armor demonstrates crater formation and radial cracks (petaling) due to fiber wedging and the shearing effect of a bullet. In conclusion, MAS revels a maximum back face deformation (BFD) of 18.06 mm. AlO/Helicoidal/Al-plate MAS reduced weight and cost by 69.21 %, and 233.72 % compared to Kevlar™-based MAS, promoting sustainable, lightweight, economical designs. Due to its higher fracture toughness and lower density, SiC ceramic in MAS provides lower trauma and further reduced weight compared to AlO ceramic.

中文翻译：

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仿生螺旋大麻/玄武岩/聚氨酯橡胶生物复合材料：使用人工神经网络进行残余速度预测的实验、数值和分析弹道冲击研究


最近的防弹衣趋势强调机动性、灵活性和降低成本，同时通过使用天然纤维复合材料保持防弹性能。本研究使用实验、分析、数值和机器学习方法评估软质和硬质装甲的弹道冲击性能。我们使用整体、混合和螺旋结构大麻 (H)/玄武岩 (B)/聚氨酯 (PU) 橡胶开发了一种软装甲生物复合材料，并根据 Military-Standred-662 F 测试了其 V 弹道极限。对于硬装甲，根据美国国家司法研究所 (NIJ) 的规定，由 Al2O/SiC 陶瓷、中间软装甲生物复合材料和铝 (Al)-5052 板背衬组成的多层装甲系统 (MAS) 使用穿甲弹进行了测试 - 0101.06 标准（IV 级）。使用宏观齐质有限元 (FE)、Ipson-Retch 分析和人工神经网络 (ANN) 回归模型评估软装甲性能。结果显示与实验数据的差异极小，V 弹道极限差异分别为 13.33 %、12.08 % 和 8.08 %。使用无缺口夏比、FTIR 和 TGA 方法评估生物复合材料的机械和热行为。与混合和整体（[H]和[H]）层压板相比，螺旋层压板将夏比韧性提高了9.44%、19.30%和40.28%，并且在395.76℃的高降解温度下表现出较低的重量减轻。与[H]、[H]和混合层压板相比，螺旋层压板的V弹道性能分别提高了155.80%、76.22%和16.61%。由于螺旋载荷分布减少了应力集中并增强了层压板的抗损坏能力。 独立的软装甲由于纤维楔入和子弹的剪切效应而出现弹坑形成和径向裂纹（花瓣状）。总之，MAS 的最大背面变形 (BFD) 为 18.06 毫米。与基于 Kevlar™ 的 MAS 相比，Al2O/螺旋/铝板 MAS 的重量和成本降低了 69.21% 和 233.72%，促进了可持续、轻量化、经济的设计。由于具有更高的断裂韧性和更低的密度，与 Al2O3 陶瓷相比，MAS 中的 SiC 陶瓷具有更低的创伤和进一步减轻的重量。