Nonequilibrium nonlinear effects and dynamical boson condensation in a driven-dissipative Wannier-Stark lattice,Physical Review B

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Nonequilibrium nonlinear effects and dynamical boson condensation in a driven-dissipative Wannier-Stark lattice
Physical Review B ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.110.l100303
Arkadiusz Kosior ₁ , Karol Gietka ₁ , Farokh Mivehvar ₁ , Helmut Ritsch ₁

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Driven-dissipative light-matter systems can exhibit collective nonequilibrium phenomena due to loss and gain processes on the one hand and effective photon-photon interactions on the other hand. As a generic example we study a bosonic lattice system implemented via an array of driven-dissipative coupled nonlinear resonators with linearly increasing resonance frequencies across the lattice. The model also describes a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model in a tilted potential without a particle-conservation constraint. We numerically predict a diverse range of stationary and nonstationary states resulting from the interplay of the tilt, tunneling, on-site interactions, and loss and gain processes. Our key finding is that, under weak on-site interactions, the bosons mostly condense into a selected, single-particle Wannier-Stark state without exhibiting the expected Bloch oscillations. As the strength of the on-site interactions increase, a nonstationary regime emerges which, surprisingly, exhibits periodic Bloch-type oscillations. As a direct consequence of the driven-dissipative nature of the system we predict a highly nontrivial phase diagram including regular oscillating as well as chaotic dynamical regimes. While a straightforward photonic implementation using microwave or optical modes is possible, such dynamics might also be observable for an ultracold gas in a vertical lattice with gravity or a tilted external potential.

中文翻译：

驱动耗散 Wannier-Stark 晶格中的非平衡非线性效应和动态玻色子凝聚

驱动耗散光物质系统一方面由于损耗和增益过程，另一方面由于有效的光子-光子相互作用，可以表现出集体非平衡现象。作为一个通用示例，我们研究了通过驱动耗散耦合非线性谐振器阵列实现的玻色子晶格系统，该谐振器在整个晶格上线性增加谐振频率。该模型还描述了没有粒子守恒约束的倾斜势驱动耗散 Bose-Hubbard 模型。我们以数值方式预测了倾斜、隧道效应、现场相互作用以及损耗和增益过程的相互作用所产生的各种稳态和非稳态状态。我们的主要发现是，在弱的现场相互作用下，玻色子大多凝结成选定的单粒子万尼尔-斯塔克态，而不会表现出预期的布洛赫振荡。随着现场相互作用强度的增加，出现了一种非平稳状态，令人惊讶的是，它表现出周期性的布洛赫型振荡。作为系统驱动耗散性质的直接结果，我们预测了一个非常重要的相图，包括规则振荡以及混沌动力学状态。虽然使用微波或光学模式的简单光子实现是可能的，但对于具有重力或倾斜外部电势的垂直晶格中的超冷气体，也可以观察到这种动力学。

更新日期：2024-09-11

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