To adequately prepare for potential hazards caused by emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the WHO has issued a list of high-priority pathogens that are likely to cause future outbreaks and for which research and development (R&D) efforts are dedicated, known as paramount R&D blueprints. Within R&D efforts, the goal is to obtain effective prophylactic and therapeutic approaches, which depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of these diseases. In this process, the accessibility of animal models is a priority bottleneck because it plays a key role in bridging the gap between in-depth understanding and control efforts for infectious diseases. Here, we reviewed preclinical animal models for high priority disease in terms of their ability to simulate human infections, including both natural susceptibility models, artificially engineered models, and surrogate models. In addition, we have thoroughly reviewed the current landscape of vaccines, antibodies, and small molecule drugs, particularly hopeful candidates in the advanced stages of these infectious diseases. More importantly, focusing on global trends and novel technologies, several aspects of the prevention and control of infectious disease were discussed in detail, including but not limited to gaps in currently available animal models and medical responses, better immune correlates of protection established in animal models and humans, further understanding of disease mechanisms, and the role of artificial intelligence in guiding or supplementing the development of animal models, vaccines, and drugs. Overall, this review described pioneering approaches and sophisticated techniques involved in the study of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and clinical theatment of WHO high-priority pathogens and proposed potential directions. Technological advances in these aspects would consolidate the line of defense, thus ensuring a timely response to WHO high priority pathogens.

为了充分应对新出现和重新出现的传染病造成的潜在危害，世界卫生组织发布了一份可能导致未来疫情爆发的高度优先病原体清单，并专门针对这些病原体进行了研发（R＆D）工作，称为“最重要的研发蓝图” 。研发工作的目标是获得有效的预防和治疗方法，这取决于对这些疾病的病因学、流行病学和发病机制的全面了解。在此过程中，动物模型的可及性是一个优先瓶颈，因为它在弥合传染病深入了解和控制工作之间的差距方面发挥着关键作用。在这里，我们回顾了高优先级疾病的临床前动物模型模拟人类感染的能力，包括自然易感性模型、人工工程模型和替代模型。此外，我们还彻底审查了疫苗、抗体和小分子药物的现状，特别是在这些传染病的晚期阶段有希望的候选药物。更重要的是，聚焦全球趋势和新技术，详细讨论了传染病预防和控制的几个方面，包括但不限于现有动物模型和医学反应的差距，在动物模型中建立更好的免疫相关性保护和人类，进一步了解疾病机制，以及人工智能在指导或补充动物模型、疫苗和药物开发方面的作用。 总体而言，本综述描述了世卫组织高度优先病原体的流行病学、发病机制、预防和临床治疗研究中涉及的开创性方法和复杂技术，并提出了潜在的方向。这些方面的技术进步将巩固防线，从而确保及时应对世卫组织高度优先的病原体。