Global aquaculture production has been rising for several decades, with up to 76% of the total production from fish. However, the problem of fish diseases is becoming more and more prominent in today's context of pursuing sustainable aquaculture. Since the first fish genome assembly reported in 2002, genomic approaches have been successfully implemented in fish breeding to enhance disease resistance and reduce economic losses caused by diverse fish diseases. Here, we present a review of the current progress in fish genomics and its application in disease-resistance breeding. First, assembly data for all publicly available fish genomes were curated and statistical analysis of these data were performed. Subsequently, genomics-assisted breeding approaches (including quantitative trait loci mapping, genome-wide association study, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, gene transfer, and genome editing) that have been applied in practical disease–resistance breeding programs are outlined. In addition, candidate genetic markers that could possibly be utilized in breeding were summarized. Finally, remaining challenges and further directions were discussed. In summary, this review provides insight into fish genomics and genomics-assisted breeding of disease-resistant fish varieties.

中文翻译：

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鱼类基因组学及其在抗病育种中的应用


几十年来，全球水产养殖产量一直在增长，鱼类产量占总产量的 76%。然而，在当今追求可持续水产养殖的背景下，鱼病问题变得越来越突出。自 2002 年首次报道鱼类基因组组装以来，基因组方法已成功应用于鱼类育种，以增强抗病能力并减少多种鱼类疾病造成的经济损失。在这里，我们综述了鱼类基因组学的当前进展及其在抗病育种中的应用。首先，整理了所有公开可用的鱼类基因组的组装数据，并对这些数据进行了统计分析。随后，概述了已应用于实际抗病育种计划的基因组学辅助育种方法（包括数量性状位点定位、全基因组关联研究、标记辅助选择、基因组选择、基因转移和基因组编辑）。此外，还总结了可能用于育种的候选遗传标记。最后，讨论了仍然存在的挑战和进一步的发展方向。综上所述，本综述提供了对鱼类基因组学和基因组学辅助抗病鱼类品种育种的见解。