Distant hybridization and gynogenesis are two prevalent breeding techniques for fishes. Drawing from the research achievements of our team and the existing literature, we summarize the reproductive traits and genetic features of fishes derived from distant hybridizations and gynogenesis, and we deduce the fundamental mechanisms of these two methods and compare them, discerning their common and different characteristics. Both distant hybridization and gynogenesis techniques can alter genotypes and phenotypes, thus establishing them as significant breeding methods. Additionally, the genetic principles and the basic biological characteristics of distant hybridization and gynogenesis in fish have been inferred. We propose the concepts of macro-hybrid and micro-hybrid based on extensive experimental findings from fish distant hybridizations and gynogenesis. The term “macro-hybrid” refers to offspring from distant hybridization that possess two distinct subgenomes, each inherited from one of the two parental species, such as allodiploid and allotetraploid lineages. The concept of “micro-hybrid” refers to offspring, including autodiploid and autotetraploid lineages, as well as those resulting from artificial gynogenesis, whose genome almost originates solely from the maternal parent but in which certain DNA fragments derived from the paternal parent insert. Distant hybridization and gynogenesis are vital techniques in fish genetics, breeding, and evolution. We highlight the prospective paths for research and application of distant hybridization and gynogenesis in fishes.

中文翻译：

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鱼类远距离杂交和雌旋雌生殖的研究进展


远距离杂交和雌性生殖是两种流行的鱼类繁殖技术。借鉴我们团队的研究成果和现有文献，我们总结了远距离杂交和雌性生殖衍生的鱼类的繁殖性状和遗传特征，并推断出这两种方法的基本机制并进行比较，辨别它们的共同点和不同特征。远距离杂交和雌性生殖技术都可以改变基因型和表型，从而将它们确立为重要的育种方法。此外，还推断了鱼类远距离杂交和雌性生殖的遗传原理和基本生物学特征。我们基于鱼类远距离杂交和雌鱼生殖的广泛实验结果提出了宏观杂交和微杂交的概念。术语“宏杂交”是指来自远距离杂交的后代，它们具有两个不同的亚基因组，每个亚基因组都继承自两个亲本物种之一，例如同种异体二倍体和同种异体四倍体谱系。“微杂交”的概念是指后代，包括自体二倍体和自体四倍体谱系，以及由人工雌性雌激素发生产生的后代，其基因组几乎完全起源于母系亲本，但其中某些 DNA 片段来自父系亲本插入。远距离杂交和雌性生殖是鱼类遗传学、育种和进化中的重要技术。我们强调了鱼类远距离杂交和雌鱼雌生殖的研究和应用的前瞻性途径。