Previous research has established correlations between anti-LGBTQ hate crime, fear of crime, perceived victimization risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation. Aside from correlations, the relationships between these variables remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the relationships between anti-LGBTQ hate crime, perceived risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation in relation to fear of crime. Based on previous research and theory, the authors hypothesize (1) that experiences of hate crime victimization increase fear of crime, perceived victimization risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation; (2) that high levels of perceived risk result in high fear of crime and a more prevalent concealment of orientation; and (3) that the concealment of sexual orientation results in lower fear of crime. The sample consists of LGBTQ students enrolled at a Swedish university. The study uses a mixed method approach, combining survey data ( N = 353) and interview data ( N = 10). The data are assessed using path analysis and thematic analysis. The path analysis supported the authors’ hypothesis regarding experiences of anti-LGBT hate crime, perceived risk, and fear of crime. The qualitative analysis showed that victims of hate crimes had a reduced ability to process negative emotions because they experienced other traumatic life events parallel to the victimization. Similarly, feelings of being reduced to a negative stereotype resulted in higher levels of both fear of crime and perceived risk. Finally, the path analysis rejected the hypothesis that the concealment of sexual orientation results in lower fear of crime. Rather than being an agency-driven and functional fear response, the interview data showed that while these practices reduced victimization risk, they negatively impacted the overall health of the participants through feelings of lack of authenticity and self-censorship.

中文翻译：

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“我对陌生人的信任完全消失了”：仇恨犯罪、感知风险和隐瞒性取向如何影响瑞典 LGBTQ 学生对犯罪的恐惧


先前的研究已经确定了反 LGBTQ 仇恨犯罪、对犯罪的恐惧、感知的受害风险和隐瞒性取向之间的相关性。除了相关性之外，这些变量之间的关系仍然知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是探讨反 LGBTQ 仇恨犯罪、感知风险以及因害怕犯罪而隐瞒性取向之间的关系。基于之前的研究和理论，作者提出假设：（1）仇恨犯罪受害经历会增加对犯罪的恐惧、感知受害风险和隐瞒性取向； (2) 高水平的感知风险导致对犯罪的高度恐惧和更普遍的隐瞒倾向； (3)隐瞒性取向会降低对犯罪的恐惧。样本由就读于瑞典大学的 LGBTQ 学生组成。该研究采用混合方法，结合了调查数据（N = 353）和访谈数据（N = 10）。使用路径分析和主题分析评估数据。路径分析支持了作者关于反 LGBT 仇恨犯罪经历、感知风险和对犯罪的恐惧的假设。定性分析表明，仇恨犯罪的受害者处理负面情绪的能力较低，因为他们经历了与受害同时发生的其他创伤性生活事件。同样，被贬低为负面刻板印象的感觉会导致对犯罪和感知风险的恐惧程度更高。最后，路径分析拒绝了隐藏性取向会降低对犯罪的恐惧的假设。 访谈数据显示，虽然这些做法降低了受害风险，但它们并不是一种机构驱动的、功能性的恐惧反应，而是通过缺乏真实性和自我审查的感觉，对参与者的整体健康产生了负面影响。