Children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parent-caregivers often experience diabetes distress due to the daily demands of diabetes management. Regular screening for diabetes distress is needed to prevent the deterioration of metabolic control and the development of mental health disorders. The aim of this analysis was to examine the psychometric properties of the German versions of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale for Children (PAID-C) and for caregiver burden in Parents (P-PAID-C). Data were collected from 136 children aged 7-12 years (46.7% females) and 304 parents (Mage = 42.9 (SD 6.1) years; 78% mothers) by using linguistically translated questionnaires in a multicenter study. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlational analyses were conducted. Results confirmed the two-factor model for the PAID-C and the four-factor model for the P-PAID-C with a slight modification. Cronbach's αs for children and parents were 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. The PAID-C and P-PAID-C scores had small positive associations with HbA1c (rs = .220 and .139, respectively, all p < .05) and strong inverse association with the KIDSCREEN-10 index (r = -.643 and -.520, respectively, all p < .001). P-PAID-C scores increased with increasing depressive symptoms measured in nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire among parents (rs = .534, p < .001). The scores produced by the German PAID-C and P-PAID-C were reliable and valid in measuring diabetes burdens. These German versions of PAID can be utilized to assess diabetes-specific distress and to design interventions for children and their parents experiencing high levels of diabetes distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

德国版 1 型糖尿病儿童及其父母糖尿病问题范围量表 (PAID-C) 的心理测量特性。


由于日常糖尿病管理的需要，患有 1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 的儿童及其父母照顾者经常会经历糖尿病困扰。需要定期筛查糖尿病困扰，以防止代谢控制恶化和精神健康障碍的发展。本分析的目的是检查德国版儿童糖尿病问题领域量表 (PAID-C) 和父母照顾者负担量表 (P-PAID-C) 的心理测量特性。在一项多中心研究中，通过语言翻译问卷收集了 136 名 7-12 岁儿童（46.7% 为女性）和 304 名家长（Mage = 42.9 (SD 6.1) 岁；78% 为母亲）的数据。进行了验证性因素分析和相关分析。结果证实了 PAID-C 的二因素模型和 P-PAID-C 的四因素模型（稍作修改）。儿童和父母的 Cronbach α 值分别为 0.88 和 0.92。 PAID-C 和 P-PAID-C 评分与 HbA1c 呈小幅正相关（分别为 rs = 0.220 和 0.139，所有 p < 0.05），与 KIDSCREEN-10 指数呈强负相关（r = -.分别为 643 和 -.520，全部 p < .001)。 P-PAID-C 分数随着父母九项患者健康问卷中测量的抑郁症状的增加而增加（rs = .534，p < .001）。德国 PAID-C 和 P-PAID-C 产生的评分在衡量糖尿病负担方面是可靠且有效的。这些德国版本的 PAID 可用于评估糖尿病特有的痛苦，并为经历高度糖尿病痛苦的儿童及其父母设计干预措施。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。