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Evaluating Nondestructive Quantification of Composition Gradients in Metal–Organic Frameworks by MeV Ion Microbeam Analysis
Analytical Chemistry ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02730 Gyula Nagy 1 , Wanja Gschwind 2 , Sascha Ott 2 , Daniel Primetzhofer 1
Analytical Chemistry ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02730 Gyula Nagy 1 , Wanja Gschwind 2 , Sascha Ott 2 , Daniel Primetzhofer 1
Affiliation
We evaluate a method to quantify composition depth gradients in intact metal–organic framework (MOF) single crystals and thereby derive diffusion coefficients of postsynthetically incorporated active sites by nondestructive ion-beam microanalysis. Zr-based UiO-67-bpy (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid) MOFs were synthesized on Si substrates and then metalated postsynthetically with NiCl2 for 2–48 h, resulting in different Ni depth distributions. Simultaneous micro-Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (μ-RBS) and micro-particle induced X-ray emission (μ-PIXE) analysis were used for the spatially resolved chemical analysis of the MOF single crystals. Qualitative assessment of the μ-RBS spectra indicated the presence of elemental depth gradients and hinted at the governing process of the postsynthetic Ni incorporation, in the present case, molecular diffusion. Quantitative evaluation of the resulting composition depth profiles directly provided the diffusion length and, thereby, the diffusion coefficient of the system. Virtual gradients caused by overhanging tips/edges of the truncated octahedral crystal shape are considered. Furthermore, in the case of insufficient probing depth for μ-RBS, μ-PIXE was still capable of providing qualitative information. In the present system the diffusion coefficient for NiCl2 is found to be (1.72 ± 0.18) × 10–16 m2s–1. The long-term stability of the synthesized and postsynthetically modified MOFs is proved by repeated measurements.
中文翻译:
通过 MeV 离子微束分析评估金属有机框架中成分梯度的无损定量
我们评估了一种量化完整金属有机骨架(MOF)单晶中成分深度梯度的方法,从而通过无损离子束微分析得出合成后掺入的活性位点的扩散系数。在 Si 基底上合成 Zr 基 UiO-67-bpy(bpy = 2,2'-联吡啶-5,5'-二羧酸)MOF,然后用NiCl2进行合成后金属化 2-48 小时,从而产生不同的 Ni 深度分布。同时使用微卢瑟福背散射光谱 (μ-RBS) 和微粒诱导 X 射线发射 (μ-PIXE) 分析对 MOF 单晶进行空间分辨化学分析。 μ-RBS 光谱的定性评估表明元素深度梯度的存在,并暗示了合成后 Ni 掺入的控制过程,在本例中为分子扩散。对所得成分深度分布的定量评估直接提供了扩散长度,从而提供了系统的扩散系数。考虑由截顶八面体晶体形状的悬垂尖端/边缘引起的虚拟梯度。此外,在μ-RBS探测深度不足的情况下,μ-PIXE仍然能够提供定性信息。在本系统中,NiCl 2的扩散系数为(1.72 ± 0.18) × 10 –16 m 2 s –1 。重复测量证明了合成和合成后修饰的MOF的长期稳定性。
更新日期:2024-09-10
中文翻译:
通过 MeV 离子微束分析评估金属有机框架中成分梯度的无损定量
我们评估了一种量化完整金属有机骨架(MOF)单晶中成分深度梯度的方法,从而通过无损离子束微分析得出合成后掺入的活性位点的扩散系数。在 Si 基底上合成 Zr 基 UiO-67-bpy(bpy = 2,2'-联吡啶-5,5'-二羧酸)MOF,然后用NiCl2进行合成后金属化 2-48 小时,从而产生不同的 Ni 深度分布。同时使用微卢瑟福背散射光谱 (μ-RBS) 和微粒诱导 X 射线发射 (μ-PIXE) 分析对 MOF 单晶进行空间分辨化学分析。 μ-RBS 光谱的定性评估表明元素深度梯度的存在,并暗示了合成后 Ni 掺入的控制过程,在本例中为分子扩散。对所得成分深度分布的定量评估直接提供了扩散长度,从而提供了系统的扩散系数。考虑由截顶八面体晶体形状的悬垂尖端/边缘引起的虚拟梯度。此外,在μ-RBS探测深度不足的情况下,μ-PIXE仍然能够提供定性信息。在本系统中,NiCl 2的扩散系数为(1.72 ± 0.18) × 10 –16 m 2 s –1 。重复测量证明了合成和合成后修饰的MOF的长期稳定性。