Rapidly growing population, escalating urbanization, and industrialization are causing the depletion of non-renewable resources and air pollution, a silent pandemic responsible for billions of global mortalities. Sensors are crucial vectors for monitoring the emission of various gases/volatile organic compounds-based pollutants from various anthropogenic sources. Borophene-based nanomaterials (BNMs) are the latest two-dimensional flatlands to this emergent next-generation sensors family with exceptional and tunable physicochemical attributes characterized by high anisotropy, thermal/mechanical resilience, tunable bandgaps, light-weight, high charge carrier mobility, and excellent adsorption efficacies. However, the practical implementation and scalability of BNMs grapple with challenges, including instability, substrate-to-device transfer complications, and optimization intricacies. This comprehensive review delves into state-of-the-art BNM sensor fabrication techniques, intertwining theoretical insights derived from density functional theory and molecular dynamics with practical evaluations and on-site applications. Besides, the fundamental challenges associated with engineering BNM sensors and their alternate solutions by employing various strategies, including surface termination, functionalization, hydrogenation, hybridization, architecting composites, and green chemistry, are detailed. This review offers a roadmap from lab to market, bridging theoretical insights with practical implementation and expediting the advanced BNM sensors with wearable, remotely accessible, point-of-care, scavenging, self-powered, biocompatible, and intelligent modules for pollution management.

中文翻译：

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硼基纳米材料：下一代气体/蒸汽化学电阻器的有前途的候选者


快速增长的人口、不断升级的城市化和工业化正在导致不可再生资源的枯竭和空气污染，这种无声的大流行病导致全球数十亿人死亡。传感器是监测各种人为来源的各种气体/挥发性有机化合物污染物排放的重要载体。硼基纳米材料 （BNM） 是这一新兴的下一代传感器系列的最新二维平坦领域，具有卓越且可调的物理化学属性，其特点是高各向异性、热/机械弹性、可调带隙、重量轻、高电荷载流子迁移率和出色的吸附效率。然而，BNM 的实际实施和可扩展性面临着挑战，包括不稳定性、衬底到器件转移的复杂性和优化复杂性。本综述深入探讨了最先进的 BNM 传感器制造技术，将密度泛函理论和分子动力学的理论见解与实际评估和现场应用交织在一起。此外，还详细介绍了通过采用各种策略（包括表面终端、功能化、氢化、杂交、构建复合材料和绿色化学）来设计 BNM 传感器及其替代解决方案所面临的基本挑战。这篇综述提供了从实验室到市场的路线图，将理论见解与实际实施联系起来，并通过可穿戴、远程访问、护理点、清除、自供电、生物相容性和智能模块加速先进的 BNM 传感器，用于污染管理。