By 2040, tire particles (TP) are expected to dominate marine plastic contamination, raising concerns about their effects on marine animals. This study employed a multidisciplinary and multigenerational approach on the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas to investigate the effects of TP and their leachates (LEA). Effects were analyzed at the individual scale, from cellular, molecular, and microbiota changes to reproductive outputs and offspring performance. Microbiota characterization revealed potential dysbiosis in oysters treated with high concentration of both TP and LEA. RNA-seq analyses highlighted the activation of energy metabolism and stress responses in the LEA treatment. Additionally, transcriptional changes in oocytes and the reduction of motile spermatozoa suggested potential effects on gamete quality. Notably, possible oyster resilience was pointed out by the lack of significant ecophysiological modifications in adults and impacts on the growth and reproductive outputs of the offspring. Overall, the implications of the observed oyster resilience under our experimental setting are discussed in relation to available toxicity data and within a comprehensive view of coastal ecosystems, where a higher diversity of plastic/rubber materials and harsher environmental conditions occur.

中文翻译：

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轮胎颗粒和相关化学物质对太平洋牡蛎 （Magallana gigas） 生理、繁殖和下一代的影响


到 2040 年，轮胎颗粒 （TP） 预计将在海洋塑料污染中占据主导地位，这引发了人们对它们对海洋动物影响的担忧。本研究对太平洋牡蛎 Magallana gigas 采用多学科和多代方法来研究 TP 及其渗滤液 （LEA） 的影响。在个体尺度上分析了从细胞、分子和微生物群变化到生殖输出和后代性能的影响。微生物群表征揭示了用高浓度 TP 和 LEA 处理的牡蛎的潜在生态失调。RNA-seq 分析突出了 LEA 处理中能量代谢和应激反应的激活。此外，卵母细胞的转录变化和运动精子的减少表明对配子质量的潜在影响。值得注意的是，成年蛎缺乏显着的生态生理改变以及对后代生长和繁殖输出的影响，指出了可能的牡蛎恢复力。总体而言，在我们的实验环境中观察到的牡蛎恢复力的影响与可用的毒性数据以及沿海生态系统的全面视图进行了讨论，那里的塑料/橡胶材料更加多样化，环境条件更恶劣。