AimTo describe worldwide distribution of mammalian cradles and museums using the rates of phylogenetic lineage turnover as a surrogate. Additionally, we investigated the influences of current water–energy dynamics, climate instability, past climate changes and elevational ranges on the distribution of these evolutionary zones.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodCurrent.Major Taxa StudiedTerrestrial mammals.MethodsWe developed a new methodology that consists of calculating the spatial phylogenetic turnover for non‐overlapping temporal segments of phylogenetic trees. By calculating the relative turnover in each tree segment, we quantified the rate of accumulation of phylogenetic turnover through time. We depicted cold and hotspots of rates of lineage turnover using bivariate maps and examined the effects of environmental factors using a path model.ResultsThe distributions of cradles and museums of biodiversity are primarily driven by water–energy dynamics. Environments with higher water availability than energetic demand predominantly act as cradles, as seen in tropical rainforests, while xeric‐like environments predominantly serve as museums. Conversely, regions undergoing higher historical climate changes become cradles, such as in higher northern latitudes, while climatically stable areas function as museums. Mountains play a dual role, acting as both cradles and museums by generating new lineages along their elevation bands while simultaneously providing climate refuges for ancient mammal lineages.Main ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that cradles and museums are not merely a dichotomy but exist along an evolutionary continuum. Furthermore, they reveal how spatial patterns of mammalian cradles and museums are intricately shaped by biogeographical processes governed by environmental forces. Uncovering these hidden effects provides insights into the ecological mechanisms by which ongoing climate changes continually shape evolutionary assemblages over time.

中文翻译：

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哺乳动物摇篮和博物馆的全球分布是由过去的气候动态和当前的水-能量平衡驱动的


目的使用系统发育谱系更替率作为替代来描述哺乳动物摇篮和博物馆的全球分布。此外，我们还研究了当前水-能量动态、气候不稳定、过去的气候变化和海拔范围对这些进化区分布的影响。位置全球。当前时间段。研究陆地哺乳动物的主要分类单元。方法我们开发了一种新方法，包括计算系统发育树非重叠时间段的空间系统发育周转。通过计算每个树段的相对周转率，我们量化了系统发育周转率随时间的累积率。我们使用双变量地图描绘了谱系更替率的冷区和热点，并使用路径模型检查了环境因素的影响。结果生物多样性的摇篮和博物馆的分布主要由水-能量动态驱动。水资源可用性高于能源需求的环境主要充当摇篮，如热带雨林中所见，而类似干旱的环境主要充当博物馆。相反，经历过较高历史气候变化的地区成为摇篮，例如在北纬较高的地区，而气候稳定的地区则充当博物馆。山脉扮演着双重角色，既是摇篮又是博物馆，沿着海拔带产生新的谱系，同时为古代哺乳动物谱系提供气候避难所。主要结论我们的研究结果表明，摇篮和博物馆不仅仅是二分法，而是沿着进化连续体存在。 此外，它们揭示了哺乳动物的摇篮和博物馆的空间模式是如何被环境力量控制的生物地理过程错综复杂地塑造的。揭示这些隐藏的影响可以深入了解持续的气候变化随着时间的推移不断塑造进化组合的生态机制。