Direct visualization of the states originating from electron–electron interactions is of great importance for engineering the surface and interfacial properties of graphene-based quantum materials. For instance, the rotational symmetry breaking or nematic phase inferred from spectroscopic imaging has confirmed the existence of correlated states in a wide range of moiré materials. Here, we study the atomic-scale spatial distributions and symmetry of wave functions in gate-tunable twisted double bilayer graphene by employing scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and continuum model calculations. A series of spectroscopic imaging analyses are used to identify dominant symmetry breaking of the emergent states. Interestingly, in non-integer hole fillings, a completely new localized electronic state with rotational symmetry breaking is observed on the left side of the valence flat band. The degree of anisotropy is found to increase from the conduction flat band through the valence flat band to the new state. Our results provide an essential microscopic insight into the flat band and its adjacent state for a full understanding of their electric field response in twisted graphene systems.

中文翻译：

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可视化扭曲双层石墨烯中的局部向列态


直接可视化源自电子-电子相互作用的状态对于设计石墨烯基量子材料的表面和界面特性非常重要。例如，从光谱成像推断的旋转对称性破坏或向列相已经证实了各种莫尔纤维中存在相关状态。在这里，我们通过采用扫描隧道显微镜/光谱学和连续体模型计算来研究栅极可调谐扭曲双层石墨烯中波函数的原子尺度空间分布和对称性。一系列光谱成像分析用于识别涌现态的显性对称性打破。有趣的是，在非整数空穴填充中，在价平面带的左侧观察到一个全新的局部电子态，具有旋转对称性破坏。发现各向异性的程度从导平面带通过价平面带到新状态增加。我们的结果为了解平坦带及其相邻状态提供了重要的微观见解，以全面了解它们在扭曲石墨烯系统中的电场响应。