Flexible devices, such as soft bioelectronics and stretchable supercapacitors, have their practical performance limited by electrodes which are desired to have high conductivity and capacitance, outstanding mechanical flexibility and strength, great electrochemical stability, and good biocompatibility. Here, we report a simple and efficient method to synthesize a nanostructured conductive hydrogel to meet such criteria. Specifically, templated by a hyperconnective nanofibrous network from aramid hydrogels, the conducting polymer, polypyrrole, assembles conformally onto nanofibers through in-situ polymerization, generating continuous nanostructured conductive pathways. The resulting conductive hydrogel shows superior conductivity (72 S cm⁻¹) and fracture strength (27.2 MPa). Supercapacitor electrodes utilizing this hydrogel exhibit high specific capacitance (240 F g⁻¹) and cyclic stability. Furthermore, bioelectrodes of patterned hydrogels provide favorable bioelectronic interfaces, allowing high-quality electrophysiological recording and stimulation in physiological environments. These high-performance electrodes are readily scalable to applications of energy and power systems, healthcare and medical technologies, smart textiles, and so forth.

柔性器件，如软生物电子学和可拉伸超级电容器，其实际性能受到电极的限制，电极需要具有高电导率和电容、出色的机械柔韧性和强度、良好的电化学稳定性和良好的生物相容性。在这里，我们报告了一种简单有效的方法来合成纳米结构导电水凝胶以满足此类标准。具体来说，以芳纶水凝胶的超连接纳米纤维网络为模板，导电聚合物聚吡咯通过原位聚合共形地组装到纳米纤维上，产生连续的纳米结构导电通路。所得导电水凝胶显示出优异的电导率（72 S cm ^-1 ）和断裂强度（27.2 MPa）。利用这种水凝胶的超级电容器电极表现出高比电容（240 F g ^-1 ）和循环稳定性。此外，图案化水凝胶的生物电极提供了有利的生物电子接口，允许在生理环境中进行高质量的电生理记录和刺激。这些高性能电极可轻松扩展到能源和电力系统、医疗保健和医疗技术、智能纺织品等应用。