Climate change is leading to global increases in extreme events, such as drought, that threaten the persistence of freshwater biodiversity. Identification and management of drought refuges, areas that promote resistance and resilience to drought, will be critical for preserving and recovering aquatic biodiversity in the face of climate change and increasing human water use. Although several reviews have addressed the effects of droughts and highlighted the role of refuges, a need remains on how to identify functional refuges that can be used in a drought management framework to support fish assemblages. We synthesize literature on drought refuges and propose a framework to identify and manage functional refuges that incorporate species physiological tolerances, behaviours and life‐history strategies. Stream pools, perennial reaches and off‐channel habitat were identified as important drought refuges for fish. The ability of refuges to improve species resistance and resilience to drought requires careful consideration of the biology of the target species and targeted management to promote persistence, quality and connectivity of refuges. Case studies illustrate that management of drought refuges can be challenging because of competing demands for water, incomplete knowledge of ecological requirements for target species and the increasing occurrence of multi‐year droughts. Climate adaptation is increasingly important, and drought refuges can increase fish resistance and resilience to climate‐related drought across the riverscape.

中文翻译：

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保护区识别作为气候适应策略，促进干旱期间鱼类的生存


气候变化正在导致全球干旱等极端事件的增加，威胁淡水生物多样性的持久性。干旱避难所的识别和管理对于在气候变化和人类用水量增加的情况下保护和恢复水生生物多样性至关重要。尽管一些评论已经讨论了干旱的影响并强调了保护区的作用，但仍然需要如何确定可用于干旱管理框架以支持鱼类组合的功能性保护区。我们综合了有关干旱避难所的文献，并提出了一个框架来识别和管理功能性避难所，其中包含物种的生理耐受性、行为和生活史策略。溪流池、常年河段和河道外栖息地被认为是鱼类重要的干旱避难所。避难所提高物种抵抗力和抗旱能力的能力需要仔细考虑目标物种的生物学特性并进行有针对性的管理，以促进避难所的持久性、质量和连通性。案例研究表明，由于对水的需求相互竞争、对目标物种的生态要求的了解不完整以及多年干旱的发生率不断增加，干旱避难所的管理可能具有挑战性。气候适应变得越来越重要，干旱避难所可以增强河流中鱼类的抵抗力和对气候相关干旱的恢复能力。