Sports Medicine ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02107-z Eero A Haapala 1, 2 , Marja H Leppänen 1 , Hannamari Skog 2 , David R Lubans 3, 4 , Anna Viitasalo 2 , Niina Lintu 2 , Petri Jalanko 1, 5 , Sara Määttä 6 , Timo A Lakka 2, 7, 8
Background
Cognitive and mental health problems are highly prevalent in adolescence. While higher levels of physical fitness may mitigate these problems, there is a lack of long-term follow-up studies on the associations of physical fitness from childhood with cognition and mental health in adolescence.
Objective
We investigated the associations of physical fitness from childhood to adolescence over an 8-year follow-up with cognition and mental health in adolescence.
Methods
The participants were 241 adolescents (112 girls), who were 6–9 years at baseline and 15–17 years at 8-year follow-up. Average and change scores for cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal power output [Wmax]; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]), motor fitness (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and muscular fitness (standing long jump; hand grip strength) were calculated. Global cognition score was computed from six individual cognitive tasks, and perceived stress and depressive symptoms were assessed at the 8-year follow-up. The data were analysed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and parental education.
Results
Average motor fitness was positively associated with global cognition score (standardised regression coefficient [β] − 0.164, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.318 to − 0.010) and inversely with perceived stress (β = 0.182, 95% CI 0.032–0.333) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.181, 95% CI 0.028–0.333). Average cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with perceived stress (Wmax: β = − 0.166, 95% CI − 0.296 to − 0.036; VO2peak: β = − 0.149, 95% CI − 0.295 to − 0.002) and depressive symptoms (Wmax: β = − 0.276, 95% CI − 0.405 to − 0.147; VO2peak: β = − 0.247, 95% CI − 0.393 to − 0.102). A larger increase in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower perceived stress (Wmax: β = − 0.158, 95% CI − 0.312 to − 0.003; VO2peak: β = − 0.220, 95% CI − 0.395 to − 0.044) and depressive symptoms (Wmax: β = − 0.216, 95% CI − 0.371 to − 0.061; VO2peak: β = − 0.257, 95% CI − 0.433 to − 0.080).
Conclusions
Higher levels of motor fitness in childhood and adolescence were associated with better cognition in adolescence. Higher levels of and larger increases in cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence were associated with better mental health in adolescence.
中文翻译:
童年体能作为青春期认知和心理健康的预测因子:恐慌研究
背景
认知和心理健康问题在青春期非常普遍。虽然较高水平的身体健康可能会缓解这些问题,但缺乏关于儿童时期身体健康与青春期认知和心理健康之间关系的长期随访研究。
客观的
我们在长达 8 年的随访中调查了从童年到青春期的身体健康与青春期认知和心理健康的关系。
方法
参与者为 241 名青少年(112 名女孩),基线时年龄为 6-9 岁,8 年随访时年龄为 15-17 岁。心肺健康(最大功率输出 [ W max ];峰值摄氧量 [ V O 2peak ])、运动健康(10 × 5 米往返跑)和肌肉健康(立定跳远;握力)的平均分和变化分数被计算出来。整体认知评分是根据六项个人认知任务计算得出的,并在 8 年随访时评估感知压力和抑郁症状。使用针对年龄、性别和父母教育程度进行调整的线性回归模型对数据进行分析。
结果
平均运动适应性与整体认知得分呈正相关(标准化回归系数[ β ]−0.164,95%置信区间[CI]−0.318至−0.010),与感知压力呈负相关( β =0.182,95%CI 0.032–0.333)和抑郁症状( β = 0.181,95% CI 0.028–0.333)。平均心肺健康与感知压力( W max : β = − 0.166,95% CI − 0.296 至 − 0.036; VO 2peak : β = − 0.149,95% CI − 0.295 至 − 0.002)和抑郁症状( W最大值: β = − 0.276,95% CI − 0.405 至 − 0.147; VO 2 峰值: β = − 0.247,95% CI − 0.393 至 − 0.102)。心肺健康的较大提高与较低的感知压力( W max : β = − 0.158, 95% CI − 0.312 至 − 0.003; V O 2peak : β = − 0.220, 95% CI − 0.395 至 − 0.044)和抑郁相关症状( W max : β = − 0.216,95% CI − 0.371 至 − 0.061; VO 2peak :β = − 0.257,95% CI − 0.433 至 − 0.080)。
结论
儿童期和青春期运动健康水平越高,青春期认知能力越好。从儿童期到青春期心肺健康水平较高且增幅较大与青春期心理健康状况较好相关。