Owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, organometallic halide perovskites (OHPs) have emerged as promising materials for photocatalytic applications. This study investigated the visible-light-induced oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) using mixed halide perovskite MAPbBr_xCl_3−x quantum dots (QDs). The QDs were synthesized with varying ratios of Br⁻ and Cl⁻ to tune their optical and electronic properties. Characterization using X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystalline structure, and transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping verified the homogeneity of the halide distribution. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated under blue light-emitting diode irradiation, and the MAPbBr₁Cl₂ QDs demonstrated complete HMF conversion and high selectivity for DFF. Mechanistic studies revealed the involvement of superoxide radicals (·O₂⁻) and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) in the photocatalytic process, as evidenced by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The study results underscore the potential ability of MAPbBr_xCl_3−x QDs to enhance photocatalytic efficiency for biomass conversion, while also addressing the challenges of stability and toxicity associated with OHPs.

中文翻译：

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使用混合卤化物钙钛矿 MAPbBrxCl3−x 量子点光催化转化 5-羟甲基糠醛


由于其优异的光电特性，有机金属卤化物钙钛矿（OHP）已成为光催化应用的有前途的材料。本研究使用混合卤化物钙钛矿 MAPbBr _x Cl _{3− x}量子点 (QD) 研究了可见光诱导的 5-羟甲基糠醛 (HMF) 氧化为 2,5-二甲酰呋喃 (DFF)。量子点是用不同比例的 Br ^-和 Cl ^-合成的，以调整其光学和电子特性。使用 X 射线衍射表征证实了晶体结构，透射电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线映射验证了卤化物分布的均匀性。在蓝色发光二极管照射下评估光催化性能，MAPbBr ₁ Cl ₂ QDs表现出完全的HMF转化和对DFF的高选择性。机理研究揭示了超氧自由基（·O ₂ ^- ）和单线态氧（ ¹ O ₂ ）参与光催化过程，电子自旋共振光谱证明了这一点。研究结果强调了 MAPbBr _x Cl _{3− x} QD 提高生物质转化光催化效率的潜在能力，同时还解决了与 OHP 相关的稳定性和毒性挑战。