Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease severely impacts wheat production and quality. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are demonstrated as an eco-friendly option for disease management, but the specific mechanisms behind their ability to confer disease resistance in wheat have not been adequately characterized. This study evaluates the impact of SiNP200 on the resistance of wheat to FHB. Scanning electron microscope observation showed that SiNPs form a physical barrier on the surface of wheat leaves. Pathogenicity tests indicated foliar application of SiNP200 can protect wheat against F. graminearum, resulting in a significant reduction of lesion length by 27.7%, but in vitro cultivation showed that SiNP200 had no impact on pathogen growth. Antioxidant enzyme activity analysis showed that SiNP200 had little effect on H₂O₂ contents, POD, and CAT activities under non-stress conditions, but under F. graminearum infection conditions, SiNP200 increased POD and SOD activities while decreased CAT and DHAR activities, and GSH content. Histochemical staining indicated that SiNP200 decreased ROS accumulation, thus reducing oxidative damage. Meanwhile, SiNP200 decreased MDA and Pro contents. Furthermore, SiNP200 increased SA response marker genes (TaPR1a, TaPR2 and TaPR5) expression levels and SA content, contributing to the enhanced wheat resistance to FHB. Summarily, SiNP200 improve wheat resistance to FHB, thereby providing a theoretical basis for SiNP200 application to control this disease.

中文翻译：

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二氧化硅纳米粒子通过调节抗氧化酶活性和水杨酸积累来增强小麦对赤霉病的抵抗力


赤霉病（FHB）严重影响小麦产量和质量。二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiNP）被证明是一种用于疾病管理的环保选择，但其赋予小麦抗病能力背后的具体机制尚未得到充分表征。本研究评估了 SiNP200 对小麦 FHB 抗性的影响。扫描电镜观察表明，SiNPs在小麦叶片表面形成物理屏障。致病性试验表明，叶面喷施SiNP200可以保护小麦免受禾谷镰刀菌的侵害，使病斑长度显着缩短27.7%，但体外培养表明SiNP200对病原菌生长没有影响。抗氧化酶活性分析表明，非胁迫条件下SiNP200对H ₂ O ₂含量、POD和CAT活性影响不大，但在禾谷镰刀菌感染条件下，SiNP200增加POD和SOD活性，降低CAT和DHAR活性，谷胱甘肽含量。组织化学染色表明 SiNP200 减少了 ROS 积累，从而减少了氧化损伤。同时，SiNP200降低了MDA和Pro含量。此外，SiNP200增加了SA反应标记基因（ TaPR1a 、 TaPR2和TaPR5 ）的表达水平和SA含量，有助于增强小麦对FHB的抗性。总之，SiNP200提高了小麦对FHB的抗性，从而为SiNP200防治该病害提供了理论依据。