IntroductionEarly child development occurs within an interactive environment, initially dominated by parents or caregivers, and is heavily influenced by the dynamics of this social context. The current study probed the neurobiology of “family personality”, or family functioning, in the context of parent–child dyadic interaction using a two‐person neuroimaging modality.MethodsOne hundred and five parent–child dyads (child mean age 5 years 4 months) were recruited. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning was employed to measure neural synchrony while dyads completed a mildly stressful interactive task. Family functioning was measured through the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale IV (FACES‐IV).ResultsSynchrony during stress was significantly greater than synchrony during both baseline and recovery conditions for all dyads. A significant interaction between neural synchrony in each task condition and familial balanced flexibility was found, such that higher levels of balanced flexibility were associated with greater changes in frontal cortex neural synchrony as dyads progressed through the three task conditions.DiscussionParent–child dyads from families who display heightened levels of balanced flexibility are also more flexible in their engagement of neural synchrony when shifting between social conditions. This is one of the first studies to utilize a two‐person imaging modality to explore the links between family functioning and interbrain synchrony between parents and their children.

中文翻译：

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构建“家庭人格”：家庭功能能否与亲子人际神经同步联系起来？


简介儿童早期发展发生在互动环境中，最初由父母或照顾者主导，并深受这种社会背景动态的影响。当前的研究使用两人神经影像学模式，在亲子二元互动的背景下探讨了“家庭人格”或家庭功能的神经生物学。方法 105 个亲子二元（孩子平均年龄 5 岁 4 个月）被招募了。当两人完成一项轻度压力的互动任务时，采用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）超扫描来测量神经同步性。家庭功能通过家庭适应性和凝聚力量表 IV (FACES-IV) 进行测量。结果对于所有二人组来说，压力期间的同步性显着高于基线和恢复条件下的同步性。发现每个任务条件下的神经同步性与家庭平衡灵活性之间存在显着的相互作用，因此，随着二人组在三个任务条件下的进展，较高水平的平衡灵活性与额叶皮层神经同步性的更大变化相关。当在社会条件之间转换时，表现出更高水平的平衡灵活性也更灵活地参与神经同步。这是利用双人成像方式探索家庭功能和父母与孩子之间的脑间同步之间的联系的首批研究之一。