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Cocrystal engineering for sustained release of dicamba: Mitigating secondary drift and reducing leaching
Journal of Controlled Release ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.005 Chuanhua Wu 1 , Yuntian Xiao 1 , Na Wang 2 , Xin Huang 2 , Ting Wang 2 , Lina Zhou 2 , Hongxun Hao 2
Journal of Controlled Release ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.005 Chuanhua Wu 1 , Yuntian Xiao 1 , Na Wang 2 , Xin Huang 2 , Ting Wang 2 , Lina Zhou 2 , Hongxun Hao 2
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The off-target effects of herbicides present significant challenges in agricultural practices, posing serious threats to both ecological systems and human health. Dicamba, one of the most widely used herbicides, is particularly problematic due to its high volatility and water solubility, which can lead to rapid environmental dispersal, non-target toxicity, and groundwater contamination. To mitigate these issues, we synthesized a novel cocrystal of dicamba and phenazine (DCB-PHE cocrystal) through a combination of theoretical prediction and mechanochemical screening. The DCB-PHE cocrystal was characterized using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermal analysis. Compared to pure dicamba, the DCB-PHE cocrystal exhibited a substantial reduction in volatility by 59 % and a decrease in equilibrium solubility by up to 5.4 times across various temperatures (15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C). Additionally, the dissolution rates were significantly lowered by over 94 %. Leaching experiments demonstrated that the DCB-PHE cocrystal reduced total leachate by 4.9 % and delayed percolation. In greenhouse trials, the DCB-PHE cocrystal caused less damage to exposed soy plants and enhanced herbicidal activity against target weeds, with fresh weight reduction of chicory and ryegrass by 32 % and 28 %, respectively, at the highest dosage. Furthermore, safety assays confirmed that the DCB-PHE cocrystal's safety profile was comparable to that of dicamba in terms of its impact on wheat, and it did not exhibit increased genotoxicity to broad beans. These findings suggest that the DCB-PHE cocrystal is a promising candidate for reducing the environmental impacts of dicamba while maintaining its herbicidal efficacy.
中文翻译：
用于麦草畏持续释放的共晶工程：减少二次漂移和减少浸出
除草剂的脱靶效应对农业实践提出了重大挑战，对生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁。麦草畏是使用最广泛的除草剂之一，由于其高挥发性和水溶性，这尤其成问题，这可能导致快速环境扩散、非目标毒性和地下水污染。为了缓解这些问题，我们通过理论预测和机械化学筛选相结合，合成了麦草畏和吩嗪的新型共晶（DCB-PHE共晶）。使用单晶和粉末 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱 （FT-IR） 和热分析对 DCB-PHE 共晶进行了表征。与纯麦草畏相比，DCB-PHE 共晶在不同温度（15 °C、25 °C、35 °C）下的挥发性显著降低了 59%，平衡溶解度降低了 5.4 倍。此外，溶出率显著降低了 94% 以上。浸出实验表明，DCB-PHE 共晶使总渗滤液减少了 4.9%，并延迟了渗滤。在温室试验中，DCB-PHE 共晶对暴露的大豆植物造成的损害较小，并增强了对目标杂草的除草活性，在最高剂量下，菊苣和黑麦草的鲜重分别降低了 32% 和 28%。此外，安全性测定证实，DCB-PHE 共晶体的安全性在对小麦的影响方面与麦草畏相当，并且对蚕豆的遗传毒性没有增加。这些发现表明，DCB-PHE 共晶是减少麦草畏对环境影响同时保持其除草功效的有前途的候选者。
更新日期：2024-09-10
中文翻译：
用于麦草畏持续释放的共晶工程：减少二次漂移和减少浸出
除草剂的脱靶效应对农业实践提出了重大挑战，对生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁。麦草畏是使用最广泛的除草剂之一，由于其高挥发性和水溶性，这尤其成问题，这可能导致快速环境扩散、非目标毒性和地下水污染。为了缓解这些问题，我们通过理论预测和机械化学筛选相结合，合成了麦草畏和吩嗪的新型共晶（DCB-PHE共晶）。使用单晶和粉末 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱 （FT-IR） 和热分析对 DCB-PHE 共晶进行了表征。与纯麦草畏相比，DCB-PHE 共晶在不同温度（15 °C、25 °C、35 °C）下的挥发性显著降低了 59%，平衡溶解度降低了 5.4 倍。此外，溶出率显著降低了 94% 以上。浸出实验表明，DCB-PHE 共晶使总渗滤液减少了 4.9%，并延迟了渗滤。在温室试验中，DCB-PHE 共晶对暴露的大豆植物造成的损害较小，并增强了对目标杂草的除草活性，在最高剂量下，菊苣和黑麦草的鲜重分别降低了 32% 和 28%。此外，安全性测定证实，DCB-PHE 共晶体的安全性在对小麦的影响方面与麦草畏相当，并且对蚕豆的遗传毒性没有增加。这些发现表明，DCB-PHE 共晶是减少麦草畏对环境影响同时保持其除草功效的有前途的候选者。
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