Biorefineries have attracted significant attention from the scientific community and various industrial sectors due to their use of unconventional biomass sources to produce biofuels and other value-added compounds. Various agro-industrial residues can be applied in biorefinery systems, making them economically and environmentally attractive. However, the cost, efficiency, and profitability of the process are directly affected by the choice of biomass, pre-treatments, and desired products. In biorefineries, the simultaneous production of different products during processing is a valuable approach. Chemical, physical, biological, or combined treatments can generate numerous compounds of high commercial interest, such as phenolic compounds. These treatments, in addition to modifying the biomass structure, are essential for the process’s viability. Over the years, complex treatments with high costs and environmental impacts have been simplified and improved, becoming more specific in generating high-value resources as secondary outputs to the main process (generally related to the release of sugars from lignocelluloses to produce second-generation ethanol). Innovative methods involving microorganisms and enzymes are the most promising in terms of efficiency and lower environmental impact. Biorefineries enable the use of varied raw materials, such as different agro-industrial residues, allowing for more efficient resource utilization and reducing dependence on non-renewable sources. In addition to producing low-carbon biofuels, biorefineries generate a variety of high-value by-products, such as packaging materials, pharmaceuticals, and nutritional ingredients. This not only increases the profitability of biorefineries but also contributes to a circular economy.

中文翻译：

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食品工业的废弃物：生物精炼厂的创新，实现资源的可持续利用和价值创造


生物精炼厂由于使用非常规生物质来源生产生物燃料和其他增值化合物，引起了科学界和各个工业部门的极大关注。各种农工残渣可用于生物精炼系统，使其在经济和环境上具有吸引力。然而，该工艺的成本、效率和盈利能力直接受到生物质、预处理和所需产品的选择的影响。在生物精炼厂中，在加工过程中同时生产不同的产品是一种有价值的方法。化学、物理、生物或联合处理可以产生许多具有高度商业价值的化合物，例如酚类化合物。这些处理除了改变生物质结构外，对于该过程的可行性也至关重要。多年来，具有高成本和对环境影响的复杂处理方法得到了简化和改进，在产生高价值资源作为主工艺的二次输出方面变得更加具体（通常与从木质纤维素中释放糖分以生产第二代乙醇有关）。涉及微生物和酶的创新方法在效率和较低的环境影响方面是最有前途的。生物精炼厂可以使用各种原材料，例如不同的农工工业残留物，从而更有效地利用资源并减少对不可再生资源的依赖。除了生产低碳生物燃料外，生物精炼厂还生产各种高价值的副产品，例如包装材料、药品和营养成分。这不仅提高了生物精炼厂的盈利能力，还有助于循环经济。