Biomonitoring has been widely used in assessing exposures in both occupational and public health complementing chemical risk assessments because it measures the concentrations of chemical substances in human body fluids (e.g., urine and blood). Biomonitoring considers all routes and sources of exposure. An occupational biomonitoring guidance document has been elaborated (OECD Occupational Biomonitoring Guidance) within the OECD framework and specifically, the Working Parties on Exposure and Hazard Assessment by scientific experts from 40 institutes and organizations representing 15 countries. The guidance provides practical information for assessing chemical exposures in occupational settings including the three common routes of exposure: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion due to hand to mouth contact. The elaborated stepwise approach for conducting biomonitoring is tailored for occupational health professionals, scientists, risk assessors, and regulators. It includes methods for selecting appropriate biomarkers, devising sampling strategies, and assessing laboratories for validated analytical methods for the biomarker of interest, and ensuring timely feedback of results. Furthermore, it describes procedures for setting up efficient biomonitoring programs based on the Similar Exposure Group (SEG) approaches. Derived health-based human exposure biomarker assessment values called Occupational Biomonitoring Levels (OBLs) are proposed for use in occupational exposure and risk assessment. It also helps with the interpretation of biomonitoring results routinely collected and procedures for communicating biomonitoring results at individual, collective, and workplace levels. Ethical considerations associated with biomonitoring are also discussed. The ultimate goal of this biomonitoring approach is to promote harmonized application and interpretation of biomarkers as well as evidence-based occupational risk management measures.

中文翻译：

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统一的职业生物监测方法


生物监测已广泛用于评估职业和公共卫生中的暴露情况，作为对化学风险评估的补充，因为它测量人体体液（例如尿液和血液）中化学物质的浓度。生物监测会考虑所有接触途径和来源。来自代表 15 个国家的 40 个研究所和组织的科学专家在经合组织框架内，特别是暴露和危害评估工作组制定了职业生物监测指导文件（经合组织职业生物监测指导）。该指南为评估职业环境中的化学品暴露提供了实用信息，包括三种常见的接触途径：吸入、皮肤吸收和因手口接触而摄入。进行生物监测的详细逐步方法专为职业健康专业人员、科学家、风险评估者和监管机构量身定制。它包括选择合适的生物标志物、制定采样策略和评估实验室对目标生物标志物的经过验证的分析方法，以及确保及时反馈结果的方法。此外，它还描述了基于相似暴露组 （SEG） 方法设置高效生物监测计划的程序。得出的基于健康的人体暴露生物标志物评估值称为职业生物监测水平 （OBL），建议用于职业暴露和风险评估。它还有助于解释常规收集的生物监测结果，以及在个人、集体和工作场所层面传达生物监测结果的程序。还讨论了与生物监测相关的伦理考虑。 这种生物监测方法的最终目标是促进生物标志物的协调应用和解释以及基于证据的职业风险管理措施。