Uneven access to greenspaces or visible greenness is an environmental justice (EJ) issue. In this paper, we use a social equity lens to develop geospatial models that measure convenient walking access to urban greenspaces such as parks and street-level green exposure en route to greenspaces. We utilized earth science, geospatial, and demographic datasets to develop two models—Greenspace Accessibility and Visible Greenness Exposure—and applied them in Camden and Jersey City, USA, two communities experiencing environmental injustices. Modeling results show that greenspace accessibility is a concern in both cities, with Jersey City experiencing more prominent disparities. We observed significant positive relationships in Camden between greenspace accessibility and two EJ variables: Black segregation and Hispanic segregation. Most streets in both cities have poor greenness exposure, although Jersey City faces higher inequality compared to Camden. We also observed significant negative relationships in Jersey City between street-level greenness exposure and low-income populations. We conclude the paper by explaining the implications of our findings for greenspace planning and policymaking.

中文翻译：

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通过绿地可及性和可见的绿色曝光，在两个美国城市揭示环境正义


绿地或可见绿化的不均是环境正义 （EJ） 问题。在本文中，我们使用社会公平视角来开发地理空间模型，以衡量步行前往城市绿地（如公园）的便利性以及前往绿地途中的街道绿色暴露。我们利用地球科学、地理空间和人口统计数据开发了两个模型——Greenspace Accessibility 和 Visible Greenness Exposure，并将它们应用于美国卡姆登和泽西城这两个经历环境不公正的社区。建模结果表明，绿地可达性是这两个城市都关注的问题，泽西市的差异更为突出。我们在卡姆登观察到绿地可达性与两个 EJ 变量之间呈显著的正相关：黑人隔离和西班牙裔隔离。这两个城市的大多数街道的绿化暴露率都很差，尽管与卡姆登相比，泽西市面临着更高的不平等。我们还在泽西市观察到街道绿色暴露与低收入人群之间存在显著的负相关关系。我们通过解释我们的发现对绿地规划和政策制定的影响来结束本文。