Real-space thermalization of locally driven quantum magnets,Physical Review B

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Real-space thermalization of locally driven quantum magnets
Physical Review B ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-09 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.110.104304
Ronald Melendrez _{1,

2} , Bhaskar Mukherjee ₃ , Prakash Sharma _{1,

2} , Arijeet Pal ₃ , Hitesh J. Changlani _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The study of thermalization and its breakdown in isolated systems has led to a deeper understanding of nonequilibrium quantum states and their dependence on initial conditions. The role of initial conditions is prominently highlighted by the existence of quantum many-body scars, special athermal states with an underlying effective superspin structure, embedded in an otherwise chaotic many-body spectrum. Spin Heisenberg and

X X Z

models and their variants in one and higher dimension have been shown to host exact quantum many-body scars, exhibiting perfect revivals of spin helix states that are realizable in synthetic and condensed matter systems. Motivated by these advances, we propose experimentally accessible, local, time-dependent protocols to explore the spatial thermalization profile and highlight how different parts of the system thermalize and affect the fate of the superspin. We identify distinct parametric regimes for the ferromagnetic (

X

-polarized) initial state based on the interplay between the driven spin and the rest, including local athermal behavior where the driven spin effectively decouples, acting like a “cold” spot while being instrumental in heating up the other spins. We also identify parameter regimes where the superspin remains resilient to local driving for long timescales. We develop a real- and Floquet-space picture that explains our numerical observations, and make predictions that can be tested in various experimental setups.

中文翻译：

局部驱动量子磁体的真实空间热化

对孤立系统中热化及其分解的研究使人们对非平衡量子态及其对初始条件的依赖性有了更深入的了解。量子多体疤痕的存在突出强调了初始条件的作用，量子多体疤痕是具有潜在的有效超自旋结构的特殊无热态，嵌入在原本混沌的多体光谱中。自旋海森堡和

X X Z

模型及其在一维和更高维度的变体已被证明具有精确的量子多体疤痕，表现出在合成和凝聚态物质系统中可实现的自旋螺旋态的完美复兴。受这些进步的推动，我们提出了实验上可访问的、局部的、时间相关的协议来探索空间热化轮廓，并强调系统的不同部分如何热化并影响超自旋的命运。我们确定了铁磁的不同参数状态（

X

-极化）基于驱动自旋与其余自旋之间相互作用的初始状态，包括驱动自旋有效解耦的局部非热行为，充当“冷”点，同时有助于加热其他自旋。我们还确定了超自旋在长时间尺度内对局部驱动保持弹性的参数状态。我们开发了真实空间和 Floquet 空间图片来解释我们的数值观察，并做出可以在各种实验设置中进行测试的预测。

更新日期：2024-09-09

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