Background and Hypothesis Schizophrenia is associated with a decreased pursuit of risky rewards during uncertain-risk decision-making. However, putative mechanisms subserving this disadvantageous risky reward pursuit, such as contributions of cognition and relevant traits, remain poorly understood. Study Design Participants (30 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder [SZ]; 30 comparison participants [CP]) completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Computational modeling captured subprocesses of uncertain-risk decision-making: Risk Propensity, Prior Belief of Success, Learning Rate, and Behavioral Consistency. IQ, self-reported risk-specific processes (ie, Perceived Risks and Expected Benefit of Risks), and non-risk-specific traits (ie, defeatist beliefs; hedonic tone) were examined for relationships with Risk Propensity to determine what contributed to differences in risky reward pursuit. Study Results On the BART, the SZ group exhibited lower Risk Propensity, higher Prior Beliefs of Success, and comparable Learning Rates. Furthermore, Risk Propensity was positively associated with IQ across groups. Linear models predicting Risk Propensity revealed 2 interactions: 1 between group and Perceived Risk, and 1 between IQ and Perceived Risk. Specifically, in both the SZ group and individuals with below median IQ, lower Perceived Risks was related to lower Risk Propensity. Thus, lower perception of financial risks was associated with a less advantageous pursuit of uncertain-risk rewards. Conclusions Findings suggest consistently decreased risk-taking on the BART in SZ may reflect risk imperception, the failure to accurately perceive and leverage relevant information to guide the advantageous pursuit of risky rewards. Additionally, our results highlight the importance of cognition in uncertain-risk decision-making.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症的建模决策：计算得出的风险倾向与自我报告的风险感知之间的关联


背景和假设 精神分裂症与在不确定风险决策过程中对风险回报的追求减少有关。然而，支持这种不利的风险回报追求的假定机制，例如认知和相关特征的贡献，仍然知之甚少。研究设计 参与者 （30 名精神分裂症/分裂情感障碍 [SZ];30 名对照参与者 [CP]）完成了球囊模拟风险任务 （BART）。计算建模捕获了不确定风险决策的子过程：风险倾向、成功的先验信念、学习率和行为一致性。检查智商、自我报告的风险特定过程（即感知风险和风险的预期收益）和非风险特定特征（即失败主义信念;享乐语气）与风险倾向的关系，以确定是什么导致了风险回报追求的差异。研究结果 在 BART 上，SZ 组表现出较低的风险倾向、较高的成功先验信念和可比的学习率。此外，风险倾向与各组的 IQ 呈正相关。预测风险倾向的线性模型揭示了 2 次交互作用：1 次在群体和感知风险之间，1 次在 IQ 和感知风险之间。具体来说，在 SZ 组和智商中位数以下的个体中，较低的感知风险与较低的风险倾向相关。因此，对财务风险的较低感知与对不确定风险回报的追求不太有利有关。结论 研究结果表明，SZ 对 BART 的风险承担持续降低可能反映了风险认知，即未能准确感知和利用相关信息来指导有利地追求风险回报。 此外，我们的结果强调了认知在不确定风险决策中的重要性。