The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs (cFF) as dietary substitutes of corn, soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), hematobiochemical profiles, and liver gene abundance in broiler chickens. Two hundred one-day-old male ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 4 dietary groups (5 replicates of ten birds per replicate) according to their average body weight (BW, 38.0 ± 0.11 g). All groups received a two-phase feeding program: starter, d 1–12 and grower, d 12–33. The control group (cFF0) was fed a standard commercial feed based on corn, soybean meal and soybean oil. The other three groups received diets in which the feed based on corn, soybean meal, and soybean oil was partially replaced with cFF at a substitution level of 6.25% (cFF6.25), 12.5% (cFF12.5) or 25% (cFF25) for the following 33 d. The growth performance data showed no differences in BW or average daily gain among groups, although the average daily feed intake decreased during the grower period (12–33 d) and over entire experimental period (1–33 d) in a linear manner as the cFF inclusion level rose (P = 0.026), positively affecting the gain to feed ratio (P = 0.001). The ATTD of dry matter of the cFF-fed groups were greater with respect to control group and increased throughout the experimental period, whereas the ATTD of ether extract linearly decreased with increasing levels of cFF-fed groups compared with control group and throughout the experimental period (P < 0.05). Additionally, a linear increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and alanine-aminotransferase were observed with increasing dietary levels of cFF (P < 0.05); however, no differences were observed in lipoprotein lipase or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor gene abundance. The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate cFF into nutritionally balanced diets for broiler chickens, even up to 25% substitution levels, for up to 33 d without adversely impacting the overall growth performance of male broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions. Further studies are essential to validate the hematological trait findings.

中文翻译：

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肉鸡日粮加工前食品：对生长性能、消化率、血液生化特征和肝脏基因丰度的影响


本实验旨在评估商业加工前食品（cFF）作为玉米、豆粕和豆油的膳食替代品对肉鸡生长性能、表观总消化道消化率（ATTD）、血液生化特征和肝脏基因丰度的影响。根据平均体重（体重，38.0 ± 0.11 克），将 200 只 1 日龄雄性 ROSS-308 雏鸡分配到 4 个饮食组（每个重复 5 个重复，每个重复 10 只）。所有组均接受两阶段喂养计划：开食期，第 1-12 天，生长期，第 12-33 天。对照组（cFF0）饲喂基于玉米、豆粕和豆油的标准商业饲料。其他三组接受的日粮中，基于玉米、豆粕和豆油的饲料被 cFF 部分替代，替代水平为 6.25% (cFF6.25)、12.5% (cFF12.5) 或 25% (cFF25) ）接下来的33天。生长性能数据显示，各组之间的体重或平均日增重没有差异，尽管平均日采食量在生长期间（12-33天）和整个实验期间（1-33天）以线性方式下降，因为cFF 夹杂物水平上升 (P = 0.026)，对增益饲料比产生积极影响 (P = 0.001)。与对照组相比，cFF 喂养组的干物质 ATTD 在整个实验期间有所增加，而乙醚提取物的 ATTD 与对照组相比，在整个实验期间随着 cFF 喂养组水平的增加而线性下降（P< 0.05）。此外，随着 cFF 饮食水平的增加，观察到异嗜细胞与淋巴细胞的比率、血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和丙氨酸转氨酶呈线性增加（P < 0.05);然而，在脂蛋白脂肪酶或甾醇调节元件结合转录因子基因丰度方面没有观察到差异。该实验的结果表明，可以将cFF纳入肉鸡的营养均衡日粮中，甚至达到25%的替代水平，持续长达33天，而不会对商业条件下饲养的雄性肉鸡的整体生长性能产生不利影响。进一步的研究对于验证血液学特征的结果至关重要。