Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) exist in dietary foods and are produced by the fermentation of gut microbiota, and are considered an important element for regulating host health. Through blood circulation, SCFA produced in the gut and obtained from foods have an impact on the intestinal health as well as vital organs of the host. It has been recognized that the gut is the “vital organ” in the host. As the gut microbial metabolites, SCFA could create an “axis” connecting the gut to other organs. Therefore, the “gut-organ axes” have become a focus of research in recent years to analyze organism health. In this review, we summarized the sources, absorption properties, and the function of SCFA in both gut and other peripheral tissues (brain, kidney, liver, lung, bone and cardiovascular) in the way of “gut-organ axes”. Short chain fatty acids exert both beneficial and pathological role in gut and other organs in various ways, in which the beneficial effects are more pronounced. In addition, the beneficial effects are reflected in both preventive and therapeutic effects. More importantly, the mechanisms behinds the gut and other tissues provided insight into the function of SCFA, assisting in the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for maintaining the host health.

中文翻译：

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短链脂肪酸通过肠道器官轴对宿主健康的双侧作用


短链脂肪酸 （SCFA） 存在于膳食食品中，由肠道微生物群发酵产生，被认为是调节宿主健康的重要元素。通过血液循环，肠道中产生并从食物中获得的 SCFA 对肠道健康和宿主的重要器官产生影响。人们已经认识到，肠道是宿主的“重要器官”。作为肠道微生物代谢物，SCFA 可以创建一个连接肠道和其他器官的“轴”。因此，“肠器官轴”已成为近年来分析生物体健康的研究重点。在这篇综述中，我们以“肠器官轴”的方式总结了 SCFA 在肠道和其他外周组织 （脑、肾、肝、肺、骨和心血管） 中的来源、吸收特性和功能。短链脂肪酸以各种方式在肠道和其他器官中发挥有益和病理作用，其中有益作用更为明显。此外，有益效果还反映在预防和治疗效果上。更重要的是，肠道和其他组织背后的机制提供了对 SCFA 功能的见解，有助于开发新的预防和治疗策略来维持宿主健康。