Water restriction alters seed bank traits and ecology in Atlantic Forest seasonal forests under climate change,Global Change Biology

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Water restriction alters seed bank traits and ecology in Atlantic Forest seasonal forests under climate change
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-07 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17494
Patrícia Borges Dias ₁ , Sustanis Horn Kunz ₁ , José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane ₁ , Talita Miranda Teixeira Xavier ₁ , João Paulo Fernandes Zorzanelli ₂ , João Vitor Toledo ₁ , Lhoraynne Pereira Gomes ₃ , Rodrigo Gomes Gorsani _{3,

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Affiliation

The soil seed bank (SSB) is one of the key mechanisms that ensure the perpetuity of forests, but how will it behave in the scenarios projected for the future climate? Faced with this main question, still little explored in seasonal tropical forests, this study evaluated the germination, ecological attributes, and functional traits of the SSB in a seasonal forest in the Atlantic Forest. Forty‐eight composite samples of the SSB were collected from 12 plots, distributed across four treatments, each with 12 replicates. The samples were placed in two climate‐controlled greenhouses, establishing two environments of controlled climatic conditions, both with two levels of water, as follows: Cur: current scenario without water restriction; Cur_WR: current scenario with water restriction; RCP8.5: future scenario without water restriction; RCP8.5_WR: future scenario with water restriction. The germinants were identified, and their ecological attributes and functional traits were obtained. Leaf area and biomass production, differences in abundance, richness, and diversity were evaluated, along with analysis of variance to assess the interaction between water levels and scenarios. All ecological attributes and functional traits evaluated drastically decreased in the future projection with water restriction, with this restriction being the main component influencing this response. The increased temperature in the future scenario significantly raised water consumption compared to the current scenario. However, persistent water restrictions in the future could undermine the resilience of seasonal forests, hindering seed germination in the soil. Richness and abundance were also adversely affected by water scarcity in the future scenario, revealing a low tolerance to the projected prolonged drought. These changes found in the results could alter the overall structure of seasonal forests in the future, as well as result in the loss of the regeneration potential of the SSB due to decreased seed viability and increased seedling mortality.

中文翻译：

气候变化下水分限制改变了大西洋森林季节性森林的种子库特征和生态

土壤种子库（SSB）是确保森林永续的关键机制之一，但它在未来气候预测情景中将如何表现？面对这个在季节性热带森林中仍然很少探索的主要问题，本研究评估了大西洋森林季节性森林中SSB的萌发、生态属性和功能特征。从 12 个样地收集了 48 个 SSB 复合样本，分布在四个处理中，每个处理有 12 个重复。将样品放置在两个气候控制温室中，建立两个受控气候条件的环境，都有两个水水平，如下： Cur：当前情景，无水限制； Cur_WR：当前限水场景； RCP8.5：未来不限水的场景； RCP8.5_WR：未来限制用水的场景。对发芽体进行了鉴定，并获得了其生态属性和功能性状。评估了叶面积和生物量产量、丰度、丰富度和多样性的差异，并进行方差分析以评估水位和情景之间的相互作用。在未来的限水预测中，评估的所有生态属性和功能性状均大幅下降，而限水是影响这一响应的主要因素。与当前情景相比，未来情景中温度升高显着增加了用水量。然而，未来持续的用水限制可能会破坏季节性森林的恢复能力，阻碍种子在土壤中发芽。在未来的情景中，丰富度和丰度也受到水资源短缺的不利影响，表明对预计的长期干旱的容忍度较低。结果中发现的这些变化可能会改变未来季节性森林的整体结构，并由于种子活力下降和幼苗死亡率增加而导致SSB丧失再生潜力。

更新日期：2024-09-07

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