How does prosocial behavior extend beyond in-group boundaries in multiethnic societies? The differentiation of Western societies presents an opportunity to understand the tension between societal pressures that push people outside the comfort zones of their familiar networks to constructively interact with unknown diverse others and the tendency toward homophily and in-group favoritism. We introduce a three-step model of out-group exposure that includes macrostructural conditions for intergroup encounters and microlevel dynamics of intergroup selection and interaction. Using lab-in-the-field experiments with a large representative sample of Italian natives and immigrants from the multiethnic city of Milan, we find that, when pushed to interact with non-coethnics, Italians generally treat them similarly to how they treat coethnics and value signs of social and market integration. However, when given the opportunity to select their interaction partners, Italians favor coethnics over immigrants. Taken together, these results help reconcile classical findings concerning the positive effects of intergroup contact with evidence documenting the persistence of out-group discrimination in selection processes.

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在多民族社会中，亲社会行为如何超越群体界限？西方社会的分化提供了一个机会来理解社会压力与同质性和群体内偏袒倾向之间的紧张关系，这些压力迫使人们走出熟悉的网络的舒适区，与未知的不同的其他人进行建设性互动。我们引入了外群体暴露的三步模型，其中包括群体间相遇的宏观结构条件以及群体间选择和互动的微观动态。通过对意大利本地人和来自多民族城市米兰的移民的大量代表性样本进行现场实验室实验，我们发现，当被迫与非同族人互动时，意大利人通常会像对待同族人和异族人一样对待他们。社会和市场一体化的价值标志。然而，当有机会选择互动伙伴时，意大利人更喜欢同族而不是移民。总而言之，这些结果有助于将关于群体间接触的积极影响的经典发现与记录选择过程中持续存在的外群体歧视的证据相一致。

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