¹⁵N tracing was carried out on sandy loam soil amended with (i) mineral nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (NPK) alone, (ii) half mineral N and half N from chicken manure (HFC), or (iii) half mineral N and half N from cattle manure (HCM), for 8 years. Cumulative N₂O emissions during incubation were 30.2 µg N kg^− 1 in the NPK treatment, which increased to 37.8 and 51.3 µg N kg^− 1 in the HFC and HCM treatments, respectively. The majority of N₂O emissions in all the treatments were attributed to nitrification (81.0% in the NPK treatment, 83.0% in the HFC treatment, and 85.1% in the HCM treatment). Compared with NPK, HCM treatment caused a significant increase in the gross rate of nitrification, while HFC treatment slightly enhanced the rate of dissimilatory NO₃⁻ reduction to NH₄⁺. Additionally, HFC treatment achieved higher gross rates of organic N mineralization, and both HFC and HCM treatments had higher NH₄⁺ mineralization-immobilization turnover (MI_AT) rates than NPK treatment. The results suggest that application of cattle or chicken manure increased soil NH₄⁺ availability. The gross rate of NO₃⁻ adsorption in the HCM treatment was greater than that in the NPK treatment, while the release of adsorbed NO₃⁻ in the HFC treatment was slower than that in the NPK treatment, indicating that application of cattle or chicken manure lowered the potential for NO₃⁻ leaching in soil. Overall, combining cattle or chicken manure with mineral fertilizer decreased NO₃⁻ availability but increased NH₄⁺ availability, leading to higher N₂O emissions through nitrification. Our results suggest that organic manures should be applied with nitrification inhibitors in sandy loam soil containing low organic carbon to increase soil fertility and mitigate N₂O emissions.

¹⁵ N 追踪是在沙壤土上进行的，其中使用了 (i) 单独的矿物氮磷钾肥料 (NPK)，(ii) 一半矿物氮和一半来自鸡粪 (HFC) 的氮，或 (iii) 一半矿物氮半氮来自牛粪 (HCM)，持续 8 年。 NPK 处理中孵化期间的累积 N ₂ O 排放量为 30.2 µg N kg ^{- 1} ，HFC 和 HCM 处理中分别增加至 37.8 和 51.3 µg N kg ^{- 1} 。所有处理中N ₂ O排放的大部分归因于硝化作用（NPK处理中81.0％，HFC处理中83.0％，HCM处理中85.1％）。与NPK相比，HCM处理显着提高了硝化总速率，而HFC处理则略微提高了异化NO ₃ ^-还原为NH ₄ ⁺的速率。此外，HFC处理实现了更高的有机N矿化总率，并且HFC和HCM处理均比NPK处理具有更高的NH ₄ ⁺矿化固定周转率（ MI _A T ）。结果表明，施用牛粪或鸡粪增加了土壤NH ₄ ^{+ 的}有效性。 HCM处理中NO ₃ ^-的总吸附率大于NPK处理，而HFC处理中吸附的NO ₃ ^-释放速度慢于NPK处理，表明施用牛或鸡粪降低了土壤中 NO ₃ ⁻淋溶的可能性。 总体而言，牛粪或鸡粪与矿物肥料的结合降低了 NO ₃ ^{− 的}有效性，但增加了 NH ₄ ^{+ 的}有效性，导致硝化作用产生更高的 N ₂ O 排放。我们的研究结果表明，在有机碳含量较低的沙壤土中，应施用含有硝化抑制剂的有机肥，以提高土壤肥力并减少N ₂ O排放。