Previous studies have linked growing up in vulnerable neighbourhoods to worse health and social outcomes in adulthood but with mixed findings regarding the impact on young people's employment status, and with studies often limited by models that did not optimally distinguish neighbourhood‐ from individual‐ or family‐level effects. The aim of this study was to examine the long‐term associations between living in a vulnerable Danish neighbourhood in adolescence and later employment status in emerging adulthood and to compare the relative importance of the family and neighbourhood contexts. Danish population register data were used to follow 390,574 individuals nested in 301,227 families, which were nested in 7,937 neighbourhoods from age 10–15 in 2009 to age 20–25 in 2019. Three‐level logistic regression models stratified by native and immigrant/descendant status were applied to estimate the general and specific family and neighbourhood contextual effects. The results showed higher general contextual effects attributed to the family context than to neighbourhoods, with vulnerable neighbourhoods explaining only a small part of the neighbourhood variance. After controlling for individual‐ and family‐level covariates, living in a vulnerable neighbourhood in adolescence was associated with a higher risk of not being in education or employment in emerging adulthood for both native Danes and immigrants/descendants. The findings indicate that growing up in a vulnerable neighbourhood may have a long‐term impact on employment status but with a much larger influence attributed to the family context than to adolescents’ neighbourhood context.

中文翻译：

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丹麦青少年弱势社区对成年初期就业状况的长期影响


先前的研究已将在弱势社区中成长与成年后较差的健康和社会结果联系起来，但关于对年轻人就业状况的影响的结果好坏参半，而且研究往往受到不能最佳地区分社区与个人或家庭的模型的限制。水平效应。本研究的目的是考察青少年时期生活在丹麦弱势社区与成年初期的就业状况之间的长期关联，并比较家庭和社区环境的相对重要性。丹麦人口登记数据用于追踪 301,227 个家庭中的 390,574 名个人，这些家庭的年龄从 2009 年 10-15 岁到 2019 年 20-25 岁，分布在 7,937 个社区。按本地和移民/后裔身份分层的三级逻辑回归模型用于估计一般和特定的家庭和邻里环境影响。结果显示，家庭背景的一般背景效应高于社区，脆弱社区仅解释了社区差异的一小部分。在控制个人和家庭层面的协变量后，对于本土丹麦人和移民/后裔来说，青春期生活在弱势社区与成年后无法接受教育或就业的较高风险相关。研究结果表明，在弱势社区长大可能会对就业状况产生长期影响，但家庭环境的影响比青少年的邻里环境的影响要大得多。