Background Gastrointestinal cancers comprise nearly one-third of global mortality from cancer, yet the comprehensive global burden of these cancers remains uninvestigated. Objective We aimed to assess the global, regional and national burden of gastrointestinal cancers. Designs Data on oesophagus, gastric, colorectal, liver, pancreas and biliary tract cancers were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardised death rate (ASDR) were calculated by sex, region and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Results In 2021, there were 5.26 million incidences and 3.70 million deaths from gastrointestinal cancer. The greatest burden is from colorectal, followed by gastric, oesophageal, pancreatic, liver and biliary tract cancer. We noted geographical and socioeconomic differences in ASIR and ASDR across all types of cancers. From 2000 to 2021, ASIR increased for colorectal cancer (annual percent change (APC): 0.10%, 95% CI 0.05% to 0.14%), pancreatic cancer (APC: 0.27%, 95% CI 0.14% to 0.41%), and liver cancer from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (APC: 0.62%, 95% CI 0.58% to 0.67%) and alcohol-related liver disease (APC: 0.26%, 95% CI 0.22% to 0.30%). ASDR increased for pancreatic cancer (APC: 0.18%, 95% CI 0.02% to 0.34%). Higher SDI countries had higher incidence rates for most types of gastrointestinal cancer. Conclusions Although the ASIR of oesophageal, gastric and biliary tract cancer has decreased, the ASIR still increased in colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancer from steatotic liver disease. Public policies are important for controlling gastrointestinal cancers—most importantly, reducing alcohol consumption, hepatitis B immunisation and tackling the burden of metabolic diseases. Data are available in a public, open access repository. Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2021 can be accessed using the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool () which the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation maintains. The GBD data do not require licensing for non-commercial use.

中文翻译：

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胃肠道癌症的流行病学：2021 年全球疾病负担研究的系统分析


背景胃肠道癌症占全球癌症死亡人数的近三分之一，但这些癌症的全球综合负担仍未得到调查。目的 我们旨在评估胃肠道癌症的全球、区域和国家负担。设计 从 2021 年全球疾病负担数据库中提取食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌和胆道癌的数据。年龄标准化发病率 （ASIR） 和年龄标准化死亡率 （ASDR） 按性别、地区和社会人口学指数 （SDI） 计算。结果 2021 年，胃肠道癌发病率为 526 万，死亡人数为 370 万。最大的负担来自结直肠癌，其次是胃癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、肝癌和胆道癌。我们注意到所有类型癌症的 ASIR 和 ASDR 的地理和社会经济差异。从 2000 年到 2021 年，结直肠癌（年百分比变化 （APC）：0.10%，95% CI 0.05% 至 0.14%）、胰腺癌（APC：0.27%，95% CI 0.14% 至 0.41%）和代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病引起的肝癌（APC：0.62%，95% CI 0.58% 至 0.67%）和酒精相关肝病（APC：0.26%，95% CI 0.22% 至 0.30%）的 ASIR 增加。胰腺癌的 ASDR 增加 （APC： 0.18%，95% CI 0.02% 至 0.34%）。SDI 较高的国家对大多数类型的胃肠道癌症的发病率较高。结论 尽管食管癌、胃癌和胆道癌的 ASIR 有所降低，但结直肠癌、胰腺癌和脂肪性肝病引起的 ASIR 仍然升高。公共政策对于控制胃肠道癌症非常重要——最重要的是，减少饮酒、乙型肝炎免疫接种和解决代谢疾病的负担。 数据在公共、开放访问存储库中可用。2021 年全球疾病负担 （GBD） 研究的数据可以使用健康指标与评估研究所维护的全球健康数据交换 （GHDx） 查询工具 （） 进行访问。GBD 数据不需要非商业用途的许可。