Objective To review the efficacy of exercise interventions on sport-related concussion (SRC) incidence, as well as on linear and rotational head accelerations, and isometric neck strength and to assess reporting completeness of exercise interventions using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis, according to the Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science guidelines. Data sources Six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science CC and SPORTDiscus) were searched up to 26 June 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCTs or quasi-experimental studies, evaluating exercise interventions on SRC incidence, linear and rotational head accelerations, and/or isometric neck strength in male and/or female athletes of any age, and/or in a healthy general population. Results A total of 26 articles were included. A large effect size was observed for resistance training (RT) on isometric neck strength (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.85; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.13; high-quality evidence). Non-significant effect sizes were observed for neuromuscular warm-up programmes on SRC incidence (risk ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.39 to 1.23; low-quality evidence), or for RT on linear head acceleration (SMD −0.43; 95% CI −1.26 to 0.40; very low-quality evidence) or rotational head acceleration (SMD 0.08; 95% CI −0.61 to 0.77; low-quality evidence). No studies assessed the impact of RT on SRC incidence. CERT scores ranged from 4 to 16 (out of 19) with median score of 11.5 (IQR 9–13). Conclusion RT increases isometric neck strength, but the effect on SRC incidence is unknown. More adequately powered and rigorous trials are needed to evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on SRC incidence, and on linear and rotational head accelerations. Future studies should follow CERT guidelines, as the included interventions were generally not reported in sufficient detail for accurate replication. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023435033. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as online supplemental information. Not applicable.

中文翻译：

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运动干预预防运动相关脑震荡的疗效和相关结果：系统评价和荟萃分析


目的 评价运动干预对运动相关脑震荡 （SRC） 发生率、线性和旋转头部加速度以及等长颈部力量的疗效，并使用运动报告模板共识 （CERT） 评估运动干预的报告完整性。设计 根据 Prisma 在运动、康复、运动医学和 SporTs 科学指南中的指导，进行系统评价和荟萃分析。数据来源 检索了截至 2023 年 6 月 26 日的 6 个数据库（MEDLINE、Embase、CINAHL、Scopus、Web of Science CC 和 SPORTDiscus）。选择研究的资格标准 随机对照试验 （RCT）、整群 RCT 或准实验研究，评估运动干预对任何年龄的男性和/或女性运动员和/或健康普通人群的 SRC 发生率、线性和旋转头部加速度和/或等长颈部力量的影响。结果 共纳入 26 篇文献。观察到阻力训练 （RT） 对等长颈部力量的效应量很大（标准化均数差 （SMD）0.85;95% CI 0.57 至 1.13;高质量证据）。神经肌肉热身计划对SRC发生率（风险比0.69;95%CI 0.39至1.23;低质量证据）或RT对线性头部加速度（SMD -0.43;95%CI -1.26至0.40;极低质量证据）或旋转头部加速度（SMD 0.08;95%CI -0.61至0.77;低质量证据）的效应量无统计学意义。没有研究评估 RT 对 SRC 发病率的影响。CERT 分数从 4 到 16 分（满分 19 分）不等，中位数为 11.5 （IQR 9-13）。结论 放疗可增加等长颈力量，但对 SRC 发生率的影响尚不清楚。 需要更充分的把握度和严格的试验来评估运动干预对 SRC 发生率以及线性和旋转头部加速度的影响。未来的研究应遵循 CERT 指南，因为纳入的干预措施通常没有足够详细地报告，无法准确复制。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42023435033。与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为在线补充信息上传。不適用。