Submarine debris flows occur under the cloak of the sea and are giants among other types of landslides on planet Earth. They pose a significant threat to sustainable offshore development and marine ecosystems. Existing research on these flows mainly rely on back-analyzing field events and conducting miniaturized experiments. However, it is unclear whether the dynamics of miniaturized flows are similar to field ones. In this review, dimensional analysis is used to evaluate laboratory and field data collated from the literature to compare the dynamics of submarine debris flows at different scales. Miniaturized flows are demonstrated to have disproportionately low yield stress and viscosity compared to field flows. The low yield stress is caused by the need to reduce the clay content of a model debris mixture so that it can flow under substantially reduced gravitational driving stresses in laboratory conditions. Consequently, some proposed scaling relationships in the literature derived from laboratory experiments need to be used with caution. Specifically, both the Reynolds and Bingham numbers cannot independently provide a scale-invariant criterion for distinguishing between laminar and turbulent flows. Instead, the Hampton number, with a threshold >0.001, is proposed for the design of the yield stress and clay contents of laboratory flows. Moreover, reduced model viscous stress drastically reduces erosion potential, which limits the existing understanding of the excess fluid pressures generated at the flow-bed interface, and thus flow mobility. The mobility of field flows is generally attributed to hydroplaning. However, this conjecture mainly stems from experiments with impervious boundaries. Such an idealization exaggerates the effects of excess fluid pressures that develop during hydroplaning. An enhanced understanding of the differences in dynamics between field and modeled flows can improve the design of future experiments to model submarine debris flows.

中文翻译：

---

野外和模拟海底泥石流之间缺失环节的综述：物理建模的尺度效应


海底泥石流发生在海洋的外衣下，是地球上其他类型的山体滑坡中的巨型。它们对可持续的近海发展和海洋生态系统构成重大威胁。关于这些流的现有研究主要依赖于对现场事件的反向分析和进行小型化实验。然而，目前尚不清楚小型化流动的动力学是否与现场流动相似。在这篇综述中，维度分析用于评估从文献中整理的实验室和现场数据，以比较不同尺度下海底泥石流的动力学。与现场流相比，小型化流被证明具有不成比例的低屈服应力和粘度。低屈服应力是由于需要降低模型碎片混合物的粘土含量，以便它可以在实验室条件下在大幅降低的重力驱动应力动。因此，需要谨慎使用来自实验室实验的文献中提出的一些缩放关系。具体来说，雷诺数和宾汉姆数都不能独立地提供尺度不变的标准来区分层流和湍流。相反，提出了阈值为 >0.001 的汉普顿数，用于设计实验室流动的屈服应力和粘土含量。此外，降低的模型黏性应力大大降低了侵蚀潜力，这限制了对流床界面产生的过剩流体压力的现有理解，从而限制了流动流动性。现场流的流动性通常归因于打滑。然而，这个猜想主要源于不透水边界的实验。 这种理想化夸大了打滑过程中产生的过高流体压力的影响。加强对现场流和建模流之间动力学差异的理解可以改进未来模拟海底泥石流的实验设计。