This paper proposes two realistic and biologically viable methods for Wolbachia-based biocontrol of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, assuming imperfect maternal transmission of the Wolbachia bacterium, incomplete cytoplasmic incompatibility, and direct loss of Wolbachia infection caused by thermal stress. Both methods are based on optimization approaches and allow for the stable persistence of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in the wild Ae. aegypti populations in a minimum time and using the smallest quantity of Wolbachia-carrying insects to release. The first method stems from the continuous-time optimal release strategy, which is further transformed into a sequence of suboptimal impulses mimicking instantaneous releases of Wolbachia-carrying insects. The second method constitutes a novel alternative to all existing techniques aimed at the design of release strategies. It is developed using metaheuristics (ϵ-constraint method combined with the genetic algorithm) and directly produces a discrete sequence of decisions, where each element represents the quantity of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes to be released instantaneously and only once per a specified time unit. It turns out that a direct discrete-time optimization (second method) renders better quantifiable results compared to transforming a continuous-time optimal release function into a sequence of suboptimal impulses (first method). As an illustration, we provide examples of daily, weekly, and fortnightly release strategies designed by both methods for two Wolbachia strains, wMel and wMelPop.

中文翻译：

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基于 Wolbachia 的生物防治的优化方法


本文提出了两种现实且生物学上可行的方法，用于基于沃尔巴克氏体的埃及伊蚊生物控制，假设沃尔巴克氏菌的母系传播不完美、细胞质不完全不相容以及热应激引起的沃尔巴克氏体感染的直接损失。两种方法都基于优化方法，并允许感染沃尔巴克氏体的蚊子在野生 Ae 中稳定存在。埃及种群在最短的时间内使用最少数量的携带沃尔巴克氏体的昆虫来释放。第一种方法源于连续时间最优释放策略，该策略进一步转化为一系列次优冲量，模拟携带沃尔巴克氏体的昆虫的瞬时释放。第二种方法构成了所有旨在设计发布策略的现有技术的新替代方案。它是使用元启发式方法（ε约束方法与遗传算法相结合）开发的，并直接产生一个离散的决策序列，其中每个元素代表要立即释放的携带沃尔巴克氏体的蚊子的数量，并且每个指定的时间单位只释放一次。事实证明，与将连续时间最优释放函数转换为次优脉冲序列（第一种方法）相比，直接离散时间优化（第二种方法）可以产生更好的可量化结果。作为示例，我们提供了通过两种方法为两种沃尔巴克氏体菌株 wMel 和 wMelPop 设计的每日、每周和每两周发布策略的示例。