Public health, potable water supplies, and ecosystems are endangered by the disposal or reuse of non-standard effluents of wastewater treatment plants. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 6) and USEPA quality standards, this work utilized an innovative electrochemical technique with continuous flow. Cu@Cu foam and RuO2@Ti were prepared for NO3 reduction and NH4 and COD oxidation, respectively. The characterization of electrodes was performed by XRD, EDS, FTIR, FE-SEM, and CV analysis. The effects of parameters including NH4 concentration (10–30 mg N/L), NO3 concentration (4–12 mg N/L), current (0.5–1.5 A), and Cl- concentration (100–400 mg/L) were examined for the removal of NH4, NO3, and COD. Characterization results confirmed that Cu and RuO2 were successfully coated on the surface of electrodes. Operating parameters were optimized using response surface methodology. The ideal conditions for current, Cl- concentration, and HRT were 1.5 A, 347.7 mg/L, and 120 min, respectively for concentrations of 9 mg /L NO3-N, 30 mg/L NH4-N, and 30 mg/L COD. Under these conditions, NO3-N, NH4-N, and COD removal efficiencies were 78 %, 97.8 %, and 61.2 %, respectively. The proposed electrochemical process was a sustainable technology for the concurrently removal nitrogen and carbon with advantages including environmental compatibility, versatility merits, and simplicity.

中文翻译：

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Cu@Cu泡沫和RuO2@Ti在连续电化学工艺去除非标处理城市污水中氮化合物和有机物的应用：优化与机理


废水处理厂非标准污水的处置或再利用会危及公共卫生、饮用水供应和生态系统。为了实现可持续发展目标 （SDG 6） 和 USEPA 质量标准，这项工作采用了一种创新的连续流动电化学技术。制备了Cu@Cu泡沫和 RuO2@Ti分别用于 NO3 还原以及 NH4 和 COD 氧化。电极的表征通过 XRD、EDS、FTIR、FE-SEM 和 CV 分析进行。检查了包括 NH4 浓度 （10–30 mg N/L）、NO3 浓度 （4–12 mg N/L）、电流 （0.5–1.5 A） 和 Cl- 浓度 （100–400 mg/L） 在内的参数对去除 NH4、NO3 和 COD 的影响。表征结果证实，Cu 和 RuO2 成功地包覆在电极表面。使用响应面方法优化操作参数。电流、Cl- 浓度和 HRT 的理想条件分别为 1.5 A、347.7 mg/L 和 120 min，NO3-N 浓度为 9 mg/L 、 NH4-N 和 30 mg/L COD。在这些条件下，NO3-N、NH4-N 和 COD 去除效率分别为 78 %、97.8 % 和 61.2 %。拟议的电化学工艺是一种同时去除氮和碳的可持续技术，其优点包括环境兼容性、多功能性优点和简单性。