The effects of rare earth elements (REEs) on plant physiology and bioaccumulation characteristics vary significantly. As a result, considerable attention has been directed towards the effects and toxicity of REEs on plants. REEs migrate and transform in the environment and are absorbed by plant roots. However, different plants exhibit varying capacities to absorb REEs, leading to diverse impacts on their growth. In our study, we subjected seedlings of rice and Phytolacca americana L. to a gradient of lanthanum and yttrium (La + Y) concentrations to evaluate the physicochemical effects and uptake patterns of these elements. We meticulously measured variables such as biomass, root length, and elemental concentrations of La and Y, as well as macronutrients (P, Na, K, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) and micronutrients (Cu, Zn) to decode the physiological responses to varying levels of La + Y exposure. Based on the known dualistic nature of REEs interaction with plants, our results reveal that the threshold of REEs to different plants is different, and this conclusion can serve well for the formulation of rare earth pollution remediation strategies. Importantly, the accumulation of La and Y in P. americana L. roots was significantly greater than in rice roots, by an order of magnitude, reflecting the unique uptake capacities of hyperaccumulators. Additionally, this research found that nutrient dynamics and the absorption patterns of La and Y within the plants diverged, suggesting that La uptake in P. americana L. may occur via Ca2+ ion channels. These insights enhance our understanding of REE-plant interactions and have broader implications for agriculture and environmental health.

中文翻译：

---

评估水稻和 Phytolacca americana L 中镧和钇的生理反应和摄取模式。


稀土元素 （REE） 对植物生理学和生物积累特性的影响差异很大。因此，人们相当关注 REE 对植物的影响和毒性。REE 在环境中迁移和转化，并被植物根系吸收。然而，不同的植物表现出不同的吸收 REE 的能力，导致对其生长产生不同的影响。在我们的研究中，我们将水稻和 Phytolacca americana L. 的幼苗置于镧和钇 （La + Y） 浓度的梯度下，以评估这些元素的物理化学效应和吸收模式。我们仔细测量了生物量、根长、La 和 Y 的元素浓度等变量，以及常量营养素（P、Na、K、Mn、Fe、Mg、Ca）和微量营养素（Cu、Zn），以解码对不同水平的 La + Y 暴露的生理反应。基于已知的稀土元素与植物相互作用的二元性质，我们的结果表明，稀土元素对不同植物的阈值不同，这一结论可以很好地为稀土污染修复策略的制定提供良好的服务。重要的是，美洲松根中 La 和 Y 的积累显著大于水稻根系，高出一个数量级，反映了超积累者独特的吸收能力。此外，这项研究发现植物体内的养分动力学和 La 和 Y 的吸收模式不同，表明 P. americana L. 对 La 的吸收可能通过 Ca2+ 离子通道发生。这些见解增强了我们对 REE 与植物相互作用的理解，并对农业和环境健康具有更广泛的影响。