Frequent mining activities have led to an increasing transfer of heavy metals to the soil. Pyrite functionalized Black Soldier Fly feces biochar composite material (BFFS) was synthesized to immobilize Cu and Pb in contaminated mine soil and improve soil quality in our study. Incubation experiments showed that BFFS significantly reduced the leaching rates by 96 % and 90 % for Cu and Pb, respectively, when compared to the control after 220 days. Speciation transformation analysis further revealed that BFFS could significantly reduce easily labile fractions of Cu and Pb, and transformed to recalcitrant fractions. Moreover, BFFS significantly improved the quality of mine soil combined with soil quality index analysis. The potential toxicity and bioavailability of Cu and Pb can still be effectively reduced by BFFS, even during a 90-day field experiment. In addition, the mine soil improved by BFFS further promoted the survival and growth of ramie. Multiple characterization analyses and related experiments indicated that ion exchange, adsorption, complexation, and coprecipitation mainly contribute to the high efficiency immobilization of Cu and Pb by BFFS. These findings could bring some fresh perspectives on the development of immobilization materials and related technologies for the economical, green and sustainable remediation of heavy metals contaminated mine soil.

中文翻译：

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黄铁矿功能化黑水虻粪便生物炭用于改善矿井土壤质量和固定重金属


频繁的采矿活动导致重金属越来越多地转移到土壤中。在我们的研究中，合成了黄铁矿功能化的黑水虻粪便生物炭复合材料 （BFFS），以固定受污染的矿土中的 Cu 和 Pb 并改善土壤质量。孵育实验表明，与 220 天后对照相比，BFFS 将 Cu 和 Pb 的浸出速率分别显著降低了 96% 和 90%。形态转化分析进一步表明，BFFS 可以显着降低 Cu 和 Pb 的易不稳定馏分，并转化为顽固馏分。此外，结合土壤质量指数分析，BFFS 显著改善了矿山土壤质量。即使在 90 天的现场实验中，BFFS 仍然可以有效降低 Cu 和 Pb 的潜在毒性和生物利用度。此外，BFFS 改良的矿土进一步促进了苎麻的生存和生长。多重表征分析和相关实验表明，离子交换、吸附、络合和共沉淀主要有助于 BFFS 高效固定 Cu 和 Pb。这些发现可能为固定材料和相关技术的开发带来一些新的视角，以经济、绿色和可持续地修复重金属污染的矿土。