Digitally enhanced technologies are transforming every aspect of the manufacturing sector towards the era of digital manufacturing. Traditional lubricant development methods involving systematic but time-consuming iterative processes is still extensively used in the metal forming industry. In the present study, a novel digitally enhanced lubricant development scheme was proposed by leveraging a mechanism-based interactive friction modelling framework and quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of lubricant performance via the data-centric lubricant limit diagrams. By predicting transient lubricant behaviour following the complex contact condition evolution experienced in actual forming operations, a close association and quantified relation between the lubricant performance and its properties such as viscosity, evaporation rate and fraction of dry matter was established. This can facilitate the optimisation efficiency of lubricant parameters and minimise the experimental cost for iterative lubricant trials. A case study was conducted in this work to develop a customised lubricant using this digitally enhance scheme for the target hot stamping process based on a benchmark lubricant as a reference. Further industrial forming tests of an automotive component were conducted to validate the ideal performance of the customised lubricant.

中文翻译：

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定制润滑剂的数字化增强开发：热冲压润滑剂性能的实验和建模研究


数字化增强技术正在将制造业的各个方面转变为数字化制造时代。涉及系统但耗时的迭代过程的传统润滑剂开发方法仍然广泛应用于金属成型行业。在本研究中，通过利用基于机制的交互式摩擦建模框架，并通过以数据为中心的润滑剂极限图对润滑剂性能进行定量和综合评估，提出了一种新颖的数字增强润滑剂开发方案。通过预测实际成型操作中经历的复杂接触条件演变后的瞬态润滑剂行为，建立了润滑剂性能与其特性（例如粘度、蒸发速率和干物质分数）之间的密切关联和量化关系。这可以促进润滑剂参数的优化效率，并最大限度地降低迭代润滑剂试验的实验成本。这项工作进行了案例研究，以基准润滑剂为参考，使用这种数字增强方案为目标热冲压工艺开发定制润滑剂。对汽车部件进行了进一步的工业成型测试，以验证定制润滑剂的理想性能。