Despite the crucial importance of technogenic materials in the urban environment, the influence of construction and demolition waste (CDW) on soil diversity still needs to be recognized. To address this knowledge gap, our study aimed to analyze how CDW can shape urban soil diversity. We propose a comprehensive approach based on a statistical analysis of over 100 profiles from Zielona Góra (western Poland) assigned to four groups distinguished using criteria of the WRB classification (2022). Physicochemical and chemical parameters differentiated the groups, and similarities between groups were determined. High heterogeneity of soil properties of the soils was found, mainly shaped by parameters associated with CDW such as artifact content, pH-H2O, coarse fragments (ø >2 mm), and total Fe and Co content. However, a completely different picture of the diversity of urban soils was obtained, presenting their internal variation within specific WRB classification units. Moderately and strongly human-transformed soils (Technosols, Regosols, Anthrosols) were characterized by greater similarity than natural soils (Podzols, Arenosols, Gleysols). This increased similarity is likely due to the homogenizing effect of human activities, particularly the significant impact of construction and demolition waste (CDW) on soil characteristics. It also indicates the rationality of WRB classification criteria for soils with different degrees of technogenic transformation and CDW contribution to soil material. This study also demonstrated the usefulness of the Bray-Curtis distance and ANOSIM comparison in the analysis of soil diversity.

中文翻译：

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城市土壤中的建筑和拆除废弃物 （CDW） 是控制其多样性的因素


尽管技术材料在城市环境中至关重要，但建筑和拆除废物 （CDW） 对土壤多样性的影响仍然需要得到认可。为了解决这一知识差距，我们的研究旨在分析 CDW 如何塑造城市土壤多样性。我们提出了一种综合方法，该方法基于对来自 Zielona Góra（波兰西部）的 100 多个配置文件的统计分析，这些配置文件被分配到使用 WRB 分类（2022 年）的标准区分的四个组。理化和化学参数区分各组，并确定组间相似性。发现土壤土壤特性的高异质性，主要由与 CDW 相关的参数决定，例如伪影含量、pH-H2O、粗碎片 （ø >2 mm） 以及总 Fe 和 Co 含量。然而，获得了完全不同的城市土壤多样性图景，展示了它们在特定 WRB 分类单元中的内部变化。中度和强人为转化的土壤（Technosols、Regosols、Anthrosols）的特征是比天然土壤（Podzols、Arenosols、Gleysols）具有更大的相似性。这种增加的相似性可能是由于人类活动的同质化效应，特别是建筑和拆除废物 （CDW） 对土壤特性的重大影响。它还表明了 WRB 分类标准对具有不同技术转化程度和 CDW 对土壤材料贡献的土壤的合理性。这项研究还证明了 Bray-Curtis 距离和 ANOSIM 比较在土壤多样性分析中的有用性。