Iron-doped biochar catalyst (Fe-CGB) was synthesized by embedding rust into coffee grounds using a high-temperature water bath. Fe-CGB was then used with activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to treat chloroquine phosphate (CQP) contaminated wastewater. The presence of biochar facilitates the cycling between Fe(III) and Fe(II) species, thereby augmenting the activation efficacy of PMS. The Fe-CGB/PMS system demonstrated exceptional catalytic degradation efficacy, achieving complete removal of CQP within a mere 30 min, with a reaction rate constant of 0.1501 min−1, surpassing the unmodified coffee grounds biochar by a factor of 47. Notably, under extreme pH conditions and in the presence of complex inorganic ions, CQP was entirely eliminated within 60 min. Mechanistic investigations revealed that biochar-mediated promotion of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle amplifies the activation efficiency of PMS, leading to the generation of abundant sulfate radicals (SO4·−) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which facilitate pollutant decomposition. Furthermore, Fe-CGB exhibited notable stability across multiple cycles, with minimal iron ion leaching and facile separation from the solution. Subsequently, the degradation effects of 18 organic pollutants were evaluated, and their potential as effective treatment methods for multiple pollution scenarios were explored in combination with theoretical calculations. Overall,this study provides insights into PMS activation as well as waste management.

中文翻译：

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Fe 掺杂咖啡渣生物炭的制备和用于去除磷酸氯喹的 PMS 的活化


利用高温水浴将铁锈嵌入咖啡渣中，合成了铁掺杂生物炭催化剂 （Fe-CGB）。然后将 Fe-CGB 与活化的过氧一硫酸盐 （PMS） 用于处理磷酸氯喹 （CQP） 污染的废水。生物炭的存在促进了 Fe（III） 和 Fe（II） 物质之间的循环，从而增强了 PMS 的激活功效。Fe-CGB/PMS 系统表现出卓越的催化降解功效，在短短 30 分钟内完全去除 CQP，反应速率常数为 0.1501 min-1，比未改性的咖啡渣生物炭高出 47 倍。值得注意的是，在极端 pH 条件下和存在复杂无机离子的情况下，CQP 在 60 分钟内完全消除。机制研究表明，生物炭介导的 Fe（III）/Fe（II） 循环的促进放大了 PMS 的激活效率，导致产生丰富的硫酸根自由基 （SO4·−） 和羟基自由基 （·OH），它们促进了污染物的分解。此外，Fe-CGB 在多个循环中表现出显着的稳定性，铁离子浸出最小，并且很容易从溶液中分离。随后，评估了 18 种有机污染物的降解效果，并结合理论计算探讨了它们作为多种污染情景有效处理方法的潜力。总体而言，本研究提供了对 PMS 激活和废物管理的见解。