Measles is a viral illness considered eliminated in the United States; however, outbreaks still occur even in this modern era where vaccines are readily available for every child under government-sponsored financing programs. The most recent measles outbreak was reported in March 2024 in Chicago, Illinois. Many of these patients were children younger than age 5 years with unvaccinated or unknown vaccine status, and this outbreak was associated with a migrant shelter. Measles bears a resemblance to other exanthemic diseases of childhood. In populations where there is high vaccine coverage, measles is less likely to be in the differential diagnosis for most physicians; however, cases of vaccine failure have been described, and populations have risk factors for developing complications associated with measles. Therefore, this quick review aims to describe an illustrative case, followed by epidemiology, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis, and vaccines associated with measles. By the end of this article, clinicians should be able to recognize a potential measles case, select the most appropriate test to confirm the diagnosis, and thus, prevent the spreading of this highly contagious disease. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(9):e345-e350.].

中文翻译：

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现代时代的麻疹：回顾。


麻疹是一种病毒性疾病，在美国被认为已被消灭；然而，即使在当今时代，在政府资助的融资计划下，每个儿童都可以随时获得疫苗，疫情仍然发生。最近一次麻疹疫情报告于 2024 年 3 月在伊利诺伊州芝加哥市爆发。其中许多患者是 5 岁以下的儿童，未接种疫苗或疫苗状态未知，此次疫情与移民收容所有关。麻疹与儿童时期的其他爆发性疾病有相似之处。在疫苗覆盖率较高的人群中，大多数医生不太可能将麻疹纳入鉴别诊断；然而，已经描述了疫苗失败的病例，并且人群存在出现麻疹相关并发症的危险因素。因此，本快速回顾旨在描述一个说明性病例，然后介绍与麻疹相关的流行病学、临床表现、并发症、诊断和疫苗。在本文结束时，临床医生应该能够识别潜在的麻疹病例，选择最合适的测试来确认诊断，从而防止这种高度传染性疾病的传播。 [小儿安。 2024；53(9):e345-e350。]。