A large scale of pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the past five years motivates a great deal of endeavors donating to the exploration on therapeutic drugs against COVID-19 as well as other diseases caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein is an overview on the organic small molecules that are potentially employed to treat COVID-19 and other SARS-CoV-2-related diseases. These organic small molecules are accessed from both natural resources and synthetic strategies. Notably, typical natural products presented herein consist of polyphenols, lignans, alkaloids, terpenoids, and peptides, which exert an advantage for the further discovery of novel -COVID-19 drugs from plant herbs. On the other hand, synthetic prodrugs are composed of a series of inhibitors towards RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), main protease (M), 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CL), spike protein, papain-like protease (PL) of the SARS-CoV-2 as well as the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the host cells. Synthetic strategies are worth taken into consideration because they are beneficial for designing novel -COVID-19 drugs in the coming investigations. Although examples collected herein are just a drop in the bucket, developments of organic small molecules against coronavirus infections are believed to pave a promising way for the discovery of multi-targeted therapeutic drugs against not only COVID-19 but also other virus-mediated diseases.

中文翻译：

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有多少有机小分子可用于治疗 COVID-19？从天然产物到合成制剂


过去五年中大规模流行的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）激发了人们的大量努力，致力于探索针对COVID-19以及由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS）引起的其他疾病的治疗药物-CoV-2）。本文概述了可能用于治疗 COVID-19 和其他 SARS-CoV-2 相关疾病的有机小分子。这些有机小分子可以从自然资源和合成策略中获得。值得注意的是，本文提出的典型天然产物由多酚、木脂素、生物碱、萜类化合物和肽组成，这对于进一步从植物草药中发现新型COVID-19药物具有优势。另一方面，合成前药由一系列RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶（RdRp）、主要蛋白酶（M）、3-胰凝乳蛋白酶样半胱氨酸蛋白酶（3CL）、刺突蛋白、木瓜蛋白酶（PL）抑制剂组成。 ）的 SARS-CoV-2 以及宿主细胞中的血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2)。合成策略值得考虑，因为它们有利于在未来的研究中设计新型 COVID-19 药物。尽管本文收集的例子只是沧海一粟，但抗冠状病毒感染的有机小分子的开发被认为为发现不仅针对 COVID-19 而且针对其他病毒介导的疾病的多靶点治疗药物铺平了一条有希望的道路。