Adolescence is a formative life phase for the development of personality characteristics. Although past findings suggest Big Five traits alongside self-esteem as indicators for successful development, little is known about their longitudinal interplay. We addressed this research gap by integrating data from three longitudinal studies (NT1 = 1,088; Mage = 16.02 years, 72% female). We apply continuous time modeling to investigate longitudinal associations between Big Five traits and self-esteem in a period of up to 1 year. Results illustrate four main findings: First, rank-order stabilities were overall high for all personality characteristics. Second, longitudinal associations between Big Five traits and self-esteem were reciprocal for extraversion, neuroticism, and openness but one-sided for agreeableness and conscientiousness on self-esteem. Effects peaked within the first month and mostly faded after 2 months. Third, the majority of cross-effects were similar in size; however, the effect from neuroticism on later values of self-esteem was stronger than vice versa. Fourth, most effects were robust against influences of gender, age, and study characteristics. Analyses with acquaintance-reports supported the results but suggested stronger effects that lasted longer than effects of self-reports. We conclude that the development of personality characteristics acts as possible sources of development for each other. All in all, the interplay between Big Five and self-esteem development appears reciprocal for some traits but was most often driven by Big Five traits. We integrate our findings into three contrasting theoretical perspectives and discuss the importance of time for a better understanding of personality development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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长大后变得成熟、自信？大五人格与青春期自尊之间的纵向相互作用。


青春期是人格特征发展的生命形成阶段。尽管过去的研究结果表明，“大五”特质和自尊是成功发展的指标，但人们对它们的纵向相互作用知之甚少。我们通过整合三项纵向研究的数据（NT1 = 1,088；Mage = 16.02 岁，72% 女性）来解决这一研究空白。我们应用连续时间模型来调查大五特征与自尊之间长达一年的纵向关联。结果说明了四个主要发现：首先，所有人格特征的排名稳定性总体较高。其次，大五特征与自尊之间的纵向关联对于外向性、神经质和开放性来说是相互的，但对于自尊的宜人性和责任心来说是单向的。效果在第一个月内达到顶峰，两个月后大部分消失。第三，大多数交叉效应的大小相似；然而，神经质对后来的自尊价值观的影响比反之更强烈。第四，大多数效应对于性别、年龄和研究特征的影响都是稳健的。对熟人报告的分析支持了结果，但表明效果比自我报告的效果更强，持续时间更长。我们的结论是，人格特征的发展是彼此发展的可能来源。总而言之，大五人格与自尊发展之间的相互作用对于某些特质来说似乎是相互影响的，但最常见的是由大五人格特质驱动的。我们将我们的研究结果整合到三个截然不同的理论视角中，并讨论时间对于更好地理解人格发展的重要性。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。